FIGURE 1.

IGF‐1 counteracts LPS induced astrogliosis in males. (a) Treatments timetable. Control group received vehicle injections during 7 days. LPS group received vehicle except days 3 and 6 that received LPS. LPS + IGF‐1 group were injected with IGF‐1 the days that did not receive LPS treatment. (b) Immunofluorescent staining with GFAP (a reactive astrocyte marker) of the of male and female mouse cortex. Representative figures were randomly captured from N = 5 mice/group. (c) Integrated density quantification reveals that astrogliosis induced by LPS treatment is counteracted by IGF‐1 treatment only in males. (d) GFAP mRNA expression in the cortex of mice receiving vehicle, LPS or LPS + IGF‐1. Data are mean ± SEM; two‐way ANOVA with Fisher's LSD (c) or Tukey's multiple comparisons (d) test post hoc tests; *p < .05; **p < .01 versus control groups and ^# p < .05 versus LPS treated groups