Table 1.
Baseline characteristics and postoperative outcome according to complication severity
| Overall (n = 238) | No (n = 142) | Minor (CD I−II) (n = 57) | Major (CD ≥ IIIa) (n = 39) | p value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 69.3 (±9.9) | 68.8 (±10.2) | 70.5 (±8.6) | 69.0 (±10.8) | 0.578 | ||||
| Sex | 0.281 | ||||||||
| Male | 134 (56.3%) | 74 (52.1%) | 36 (63.2%) | 24 (61.5%) | |||||
| Female | 104 (43.7%) | 68 (47.9%) | 21 (36.8%) | 15 (38.5%) | |||||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27.0 (±5.01) | 26.6 (±5.0) | 27.5 (±4.7) | 27.3 (±5.6) | 0.435 | ||||
| Haemoglobin (g/dl) | 12.8 (±2.0) | 12.9 (±2.8) | 12.9 (±3.0) | 12.5 (±1.8) | 0.605 | ||||
| Smoking (yes) | 30 (12.6%) | 18 (12.7%) | 2 (3.5%) | 10 (25.6%) | 0.006 | ||||
| CCI | 3.00 [3.00; 5.00] | 3.00 [2.00; 5.00] | 3.00 [3.00; 5.00] | 5.00 [3.00; 6.00] | 0.008 | ||||
| ASA | <0.001 | ||||||||
| I | 20 (8.4%) | 17 (12.0%) | 3 (5.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | |||||
| II | 153 (64.3%) | 97 (68.3%) | 39 (68.4%) | 17 (43.6%) | |||||
| III | 65 (27.3%) | 28 (19.7%) | 15 (26.3%) | 22 (56.4%) | |||||
| Neoadjuvant therapy | 51 (21.4%) | 23 (16.2%) | 17 (29.8%) | 11 (28.2%) | 0.056 | ||||
| Tumour location | 0.035 | ||||||||
| Colon | 159 (66.8%) | 103 (72.5%) | 36 (63.2%) | 20 (51.3%) | |||||
| Rectum | 79 (33.2%) | 39 (27.5%) | 21 (36.8%) | 19 (48.7%) | |||||
| Surgical approach | 0.110 | ||||||||
| Laparoscopy/robot (assisted) | 214 (89.9%) | 132 (93.0%) | 50 (87.7%) | 32 (82.1%) | |||||
| Laparotomy | 24 (10.1%) | 10 (7.0%) | 7 (12.3%) | 7 (17.9%) | |||||
| Preoperative physical fitness | |||||||||
| SRT WRpeak (W/kg) | 2.151 (±0.806) | 2.260 (±0.827) | 2.022 (±0.697) | 1.942 (±0.824) | 0.035 | ||||
| Body composition | |||||||||
| SM‐index (cm2/m2) | 45.12 (±8.71) | 44.75 (±8.38) | 46.70 (±9.16) | 44.18 (±9.13) | 0.274 | ||||
| SM‐RA (HU) | 37.62 ± 9.41 | 38.53 (±9.17) | 37.22 (±8.37) | 35.25 (±11.27) | 1.142 | ||||
| Low muscle mass (yes) | 142 (59.7%) | 87 (40.1%) | 27 (47.4%) | 28 (71.8%) | 0.047 | ||||
| Low muscle density (yes) | 98 (41.2%) | 51 (35.9%) | 24 (42.1%) | 23 (59.0%) | 0.034 | ||||
| Postoperative outcomes | |||||||||
| Conversion | 32 (13.4%) | 10 (7.0%) | 14 (24.6%) | 8 (20.5%) | 0.001 | ||||
| Time to mILAS=0 (days) | 4.00 [3.0; 7.0] | 3.00 [2. 0; 4.0] | 6.00 [4.5; 10.0] | 17.00 [7.0; 25.0] | <0.001 | ||||
| LOS (days) | 5.00 [4.0; 10.0] | 4.00 [3.0; 5.0] | 9.00 [6.0; 14.5] | 22.00 [14.0; 31.0] | <0.001 | ||||
| Readmission | 25 (10.5%) | 2 (0.7%) | 10 (17.5%) | 13 (33.3%) | <0.001 | ||||
Note: Data displayed as absolute number (%), mean ± SD, or median [IQR]. Statistically significant values are displayed in italic and bold.
Abbreviations: ASA, American Society of Anaesthesiologists physical status classification; BMI, body mass index; CCI, Charlson comorbidity index; CD, Clavien−Dindo; HU, Hounsfield Unit; LOS, length of hospital stay; mILAS, modified Iowa level of assistance scale; SM, skeletal muscle; SM‐RA, skeletal muscle radiation attenuation; SRT, steep ramp test; WRpeak, peak work rate.