TABLE 2.

Recommendation for priority of further research of potential agents to diminish or prevent cognitive side effects in electroconvulsive therapy, based on qualitative synthesis and meta‐analysis of the systematic literature review

Recommendation for further study	Intervention	Effect size	Quality of evidence (GRADE)
High priority	Memantine	Large	Low
	Liothyronine	Medium	Low
Medium priority	Acetylcholine inhibitors	None to large	Very low
	Melatonin	Medium to large	Very low
	Piracetam	None to large	Very low
	Interventions targeting cortisol Pathway a
	Myo‐inositol a
	Adrenergic antagonists a
	Calcium antagonists a
	Vasopressin analogues a
	Opioid receptor antagonists a
Low priority	Ketamine	None	Very low
	Anti‐inflammatory herbal preparations	None	Very low
	Opioid receptor agonists	None	Low

^a No effect size or GRADE was calculated since studies did not meet criteria for inclusion in meta‐analysis.