TABLE 5.
Change in spherical equivalent refractive error reported in included systematic reviews and meta‐analyses
| Review study | Number of subjects (Number and design of primary studies) | Duration of effect (years) | Measure of effect (D), MD (95% CI) | Measure of effect standardised to 1 year (D) MD (95% CI) | Direction of effect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Xiong et al. 24 | 2,865 (3, CT) | 3 | 0.30 (0.18, 0.41) | 0.13 (0.08, 0.18) | Favours high outdoor exposure |
| Ho et al. 22 | 4,406 (6, CT) | 1 | 0.15 (0.09, 0.22) | 0.15 (0.09, 0.22) | Favours high outdoor exposure |
| Cao et al. 25 | 2,729 (4, CT) | NI | 0.17 (0.16, 0.18) | 0.17 (0.16, 0.18) | Favours high outdoor exposure |
| Deng and Pang 26 | 3,272 (5, CT) | 1 | 0.13 (0.08, 0.18) | 0.13 (0.08, 0.18) | Favours high outdoor exposure |
Abbreviations: CI, Confidence interval; CT, Clinical trials; D, Dioptres; MD, Mean difference.