TABLE 1.
Baseline demographics and freedom from atrial fibrillation through 15-month postablation
| Parameter | Total (n = 601) | No FFAF (n = 181) | FFAF (n = 420) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male sex | 407 (67.7%) | 120 (66.3%) | 287 (68.3%) | 0.63 |
| Age (years) | 62.1 ± 10.3 | 63.0 ± 10.6 | 61.7 ± 10.1 | 0.14 |
| AF type | ||||
| Paroxysmal AF | 315 (52.4%) | 82 (45.3%) | 233 (55.5%) | 0.02* |
| Time since AF diagnosis (months) | 52.4 ± 65.9 | 59.3 ± 64.7 | 49.5 ± 66.3 | 0.10 |
| Left atrial diameter (mm) | 39.5 ± 6.9 | 40.2 ± 6.7 | 39.2 ± 7.0 | 0.09 |
| LVEF (%) | 56.4 ± 9.2 | 55.4 ± 10.5 | 56.8 ± 8.6 | 0.11 |
| Prior ablation for AF | 79 (13.1%) | 21 (11.6%) | 58 (13.8%) | 0.46 |
| Comorbid conditions | ||||
| Diabetes | 89 (14.8%) | 25 (13.8%) | 64 (15.2%) | 0.65 |
| Hypertension | 287 (47.8%) | 85 (47.0%) | 202 (48.1%) | 0.80 |
| Prior TIA/CVA | 47 (7.8%) | 14 (7.7%) | 33 (7.9%) | 0.96 |
| COPD | 8 (1.3%) | 4 (2.2%) | 4 (1.0%) | 0.22 |
| OSA | 101 (16.8%) | 31 (17.1%) | 70 (16.7%) | 0.89 |
| Current smoker | 43 (7.2%) | 12 (6.6%) | 31 (7.4%) | 0.74 |
| CAD | 99 (16.5%) | 29 (16.0%) | 70 (16.7%) | 0.85 |
| Structural heart disease | 82 (13.6%) | 34 (18.8%) | 48 (11.4%) | 0.02* |
| CHA2DS2-VASc | 2.0 ± 1.4 | 2.1 ± 1.4 | 2.0 ± 1.4 | 0.21 |
| Pre-procedure medications | ||||
| ACE-i/ARB | 209 (34.8%) | 67 (37.0%) | 142 (33.8%) | 0.45 |
| Statin | 271 (45.1%) | 72 (39.8%) | 199 (47.4%) | 0.09 |
| Calcium channel blocker | 113 (18.8%) | 38 (21.0%) | 75 (17.9%) | 0.37 |
| Beta blocker | 349 (58.1%) | 103 (56.9%) | 246 (58.6%) | 0.70 |
| Increase in number antihypertensives in year before ablation | 47 (7.8%) | 16 (8.8%) | 31 (7.4%) | 0.62 |
| CIED | 39 (6.5%) | 21 (11.6%) | 18 (4.3%) | 0.001* |
| RBBB pre-ablation | 35 (5.8%) | 8 (4.4%) | 27 (6.4%) | 0.34 |
| LBBB pre-ablation | 19 (3.2%) | 7 (3.9%) | 12 (2.9%) | 0.52 |
| Ablation characteristics | ||||
| Presenting rhythm AF | 176 (29.3%) | 64 (35.4%) | 112 (26.7%) | 0.04* |
| Ablation lines in addition to PVI | 81 (13.5%) | 24 (13.3%) | 57 (13.6%) | 1.00 |
| Total CBA freezes | 9.4 ± 2.8 | 9.8 ± 2.7 | 9.2 ± 2.8 | 0.03* |
| ERAF | 133 (22.1%) | 76 (42.0%) | 57 (13.6%) | <0.001* |
| Weight characteristics | ||||
| BMI 1-year before ablation (kg/m2) | 29.5 ± 6.3 | 29.2 ± 5.9 | 29.7 ± 6.5 | 0.45 |
| BMI at time of ablation (kg/m2) | 29.2 ± 6.2 | 29.5 ± 6.1 | 29.0 ± 6.2 | 0.38 |
| Lost weight pre-ablation | 349 (58.1%) | 61 (33.7%) | 288 (68.6%) | <0.001* |
| % Change weight over 1-year before ablation | −0.97 ± 5.2 | 1.1 ± 4.5 | −1.8 ± 5.2 | <0.001* |
Abbreviations: ACE-i, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; AF, atrial fibrillation; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blocker; BMI, body mass index; CAD, coronary artery disease; CBA, cryoballoon ablation; CIED, cardiovascular implantable electronic device; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CVA, cerebrovascular accident; ERAF, early return of AF < 90 days postablation; FFAF, freedom from atrial fibrillation; LBBB, left bundle branch block; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; OSA, obstructive sleep apnea; PVI, pulmonary vein isolation; RBBB, right bundle branch block; TIA, transient ischemic attack.
*
p < 0.05.