Table 2.
Factors associated with HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) Referral, Linkage, Clinical Evaluation and Prescriptions1 among HIV-negative individuals, Baltimore City, Maryland September 30, 2015 – September 29, 2019
| PrEP Referred (among those indicated) N = 8,063 | PrEP Linked (among those referred) N = 4,578 | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bivariate | Model 1 | Model 2 | Bivariate | Model 1 | Model 2 | ||||||||
| PR | 95% CI | aPR | 95% CI | aPR | 95% CI | PR | 95% CI | aPR | 95% CI | aPR | 95% CI | ||
| Race/Ethnicity | |||||||||||||
| Non-Hispanic Black | 0.76 | (0.55 – 1.03) | 0.80 | (0.63 – 1.02) | 0.82 | (0.66 – 1.02) | 0.75 | (0.60 – 0.94)* | 1.00 | (0.72 – 1.40) | 1.20 | (0.85 – 1.68) | |
| Non-Hispanic White | REF | REF | REF | REF | REF | REF | |||||||
| Hispanic | 0.91 | (0.83 – 1.00)* | 1.09 | (0.98 – 1.21) | 1.14 | (1.03 – 1.26)* | 0.87 | (0.58 – 1.30) | 1.18 | (0.81 – 1.72) | 1.10 | (0.78 – 1.54) | |
| Non-Hispanic Other | 1.04 | (0.93 – 1.17) | 1.12 | (1.02 – 1.23)* | 1.16 | (1.03 – 1.31)* | 1.00 | (0.81 – 1.22) | 1.20 | (0.92 – 1.58) | 1.24 | (0.94 – 1.63) | |
| Age | |||||||||||||
| 13–24 years | REF | REF | REF | REF | REF | REF | |||||||
| 25–34 years | 0.95 | (0.75 – 1.21) | 0.96 | (0.81 – 1.15) | 0.94 | (0.77 – 1.15) | 1.14 | (0.77 – 1.68) | 1.06 | (0.76 – 1.48) | 1.02 | (0.75 – 1.39) | |
| ≥ 35 years | 0.95 | (0.73 – 1.23) | 0.96 | (0.78 – 1.17) | 0.96 | (0.75 – 1.22) | 0.78 | (0.46 – 1.33) | 0.79 | (0.50 – 1.25) | 0.90 | (0.58 – 1.38) | |
| Gender | |||||||||||||
| Cisgender males | |||||||||||||
| Cisgender females | 1.46 | (1.02 – 2.10)* | 1.49 | (1.09 – 2.03)* | 0.40 | (0.25 – 0.64)* | 0.42 | (0.26 – 0.67)* | |||||
| Transgender2 | 1.06 | (0.83 – 1.35) | 1.04 | (0.80 – 1.36) | 1.22 | (0.71 – 2.10) | 1.19 | (0.70 – 2.02) | |||||
| Priority Populations | |||||||||||||
| MSM2 | REF | ||||||||||||
| MSM PWID2 | 1.28 | (0.82 – 2.00) | 1.34 | (0.82 – 2.20) | 1.00 | (0.52 – 1.90) | 1.01 | (0.54 – 1.88) | |||||
| Transgender2 | 0.57 | (0.33 – 1.01) | 0.54 | (0.30 – 1.00)* | 0.36 | (0.25 – 0.51)* | 0.37 | (0.26 – 0.54)* | |||||
| PWID2 | 0.97 | (0.71 – 1.32) | 1.05 | (0.82 – 1.34) | 0.30 | (0.17 – 0.51)* | 0.30 | (0.17 – 0.52)* | |||||
| Heterosexual | 0.91 | (0.71 – 1.16) | 0.94 | (0.73 – 1.21) | 0.89 | (0.54 – 1.44) | 0.87 | (0.54 – 1.41) | |||||
| Race/Ethnicity | |||||||||||||
| Non-Hispanic Black | 0.85 | (0.64 – 1.14) | 0.90 | (0.71 – 1.15) | 0.92 | (0.73 – 1.17) | 0.88 | (0.76 – 1.01) | 0.89 | (0.81 – 0.98)* | 0.92 | (0.84 – 1.00) | |
| Non-Hispanic White | |||||||||||||
| Hispanic | 1.08 | (0.87 – 1.33) | 1.03 | (0.86 – 1.24) | 1.03 | (0.86 – 1.25) | 1.17 | (0.96 – 1.43) | 1.10 | (0.97 – 1.25) | 1.10 | (0.97 – 1.23) | |
| Non-Hispanic Other | 0.96 | (0.79 – 1.17) | 0.94 | (0.76 – 1.15) | 0.96 | (0.76 – 1.20) | 1.14 | (0.92 – 1.40) | 1.12 | (0.95 – 1.32) | 1.17 | (0.98 – 1.40) | |
| 1.08 | (0.87 – 1.33) | 1.03 | (0.86 – 1.24) | 1.03 | (0.86 – 1.25) | 1.17 | (0.96 – 1.43) | 1.10 | (0.97 – 1.25) | 1.10 | (0.97 – 1.23) | ||
| Age | |||||||||||||
| 13–24 years | |||||||||||||
| 25–34 years | 1.08 | (0.87 – 1.33) | 1.03 | (0.86 – 1.24) | 1.03 | (0.86 – 1.25) | 1.17 | (0.96 – 1.43) | 1.10 | (0.97 – 1.25) | 1.10 | (0.97 – 1.23) | |
| ≥ 35 years | 0.96 | (0.79 – 1.17) | 0.94 | (0.76 – 1.15) | 0.96 | (0.76 – 1.20) | 1.14 | (0.92 – 1.40) | 1.12 | (0.95 – 1.32) | 1.17 | (0.98 – 1.40) | |
| Gender | |||||||||||||
| Cisgender males | |||||||||||||
| Cisgender females | 0.88 | (0.67 – 1.16) | 0.92 | (0.75 – 1.13) | 0.73 | (0.48 – 1.11) | 0.75 | (0.52 – 1.09) | |||||
| Transgender2 | 0.70 | (0.28 – 1.78) | 0.70 | (0.27 – 1.85) | 0.85 | (0.71 – 1.02) | 0.87 | (0.70 – 1.09) | |||||
| Priority Populations | |||||||||||||
| MSM2 | |||||||||||||
| MSM PWID2 | 0.38 | (0.13 – 1.08) | 0.38 | (0.14 – 1.04) | 1.10 | (1.05 – 1.15)* | 1.04 | (0.98 – 1.11) | |||||
| Transgender2 | 0.73 | (0.30 – 1.77) | 0.74 | (0.29 – 1.86) | 0.55 | (0.34 – 0.87)* | 0.52 | (0.32 – 0.85)* | |||||
| PWID2 | 0.84 | (0.62 – 1.12) | 0.88 | (0.69 – 1.12) | 0.71 | (0.54 – 0.94)* | 0.72 | (0.56 – 0.91)* | |||||
| Heterosexual | 0.68 | (0.27 – 1.69) | 0.69 | (0.27 – 1.76) | 0.82 | (0.69 – 0.96)* | 0.84 | (0.68 – 1.03) | |||||
PrEP care continuum outcomes
Indicated: based on U.S. Centers for Disease Control PrEP guidelines and local epidemiology and includes individuals who: were cisgender gay, bisexual or other man who has sex with men (MSM); were transgender; or reported needle sharing (past 12m), a sex partner living with HIV (past 12m), buying or selling sex (past 12m), ≥ 2 episodes of HIV post-exposure prophylaxis (past 12m), previous syphilis, gonorrhea or rectal chlamydia diagnosis (past 3m).
Referred: received information on how to obtain PrEP and/or direct referral to a PrEP provider.
Linked: received navigation and/or clinical services related to PrEP at a participating site.
Clinically Evaluated: received a clinical exam for PrEP at a participating site.
Prescribed: PrEP prescription documented.
Transgender: individuals whose gender identity differs from their sex assigned at birth; MSM: gay, bisexual or other man who has sex with men; PWID: persons who inject drugs
p < 0.05