Table 3.
Summary of training effects for respiratory function test variables obtained before and after intervention
| Variables | Before intervention, mean ± SD | After intervention, mean ± SD | % Change (95% CI) | T | p | Effect size (Cohen’s d) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FVC (L) | 2.26 ± 1.09 | 2.50 ± 1.14* | 10.62 (− 0.45, − 0.04) | − 2.65 | 0.027 | 0.22# | |
| FEV1 (L) | 1.96 ± 0.91 | 2.11 ± 0.92 | 7.65 (− 0.29, − 0.00) | − 2.25 | 0.051 | 0.16 | |
| PEF (L/sec) | 4.48 ± 2.08 | 5.52 ± 2.54** | 23.21 (− 1.69, − 0.38) | − 3.58 | 0.006 | 0.45# | |
| VC (L) | 1.83 ± 0.93 | 2.48 ± 1.21** | 35.52 (− 0.99, − 0.31) | − 4.33 | 0.002 | 0.60## | |
| IC (L) | 1.47 ± 0.68 | 2.16 ± 0.98** | 46.94 (− 0.99, − 0.37) | − 5.00 | 0.001 | 0.81### | |
| IRV (L) | 0.95 ± 0.47 | 1.81 ± 0.88** | 90.53 (− 1.24, − 0.47) | − 4.98 | 0.001 | 1.22### | |
| ERV (L) | 0.39 ± 0.37 | 0.37 ± 0.40 | − 5.13 (− 0.24, 0.27) | 0.15 | 0.884 | 0.05 | |
| MIP (cmH2O) | 29.10 ± 16.97 | 57.40 ± 25.03** | 97.25 (− 42.82, − 13.78) | − 4.41 | 0.002 | 1.32### | |
| MEP (cmH2O) | 21.40 ± 21.87 | 51.60 ± 33.49** | 141.12 (− 48.81, − 11.59) | − 3.67 | 0.005 | 1.07### | |
| PCF (L/min) | 194.10 ± 82.24 | 263.20 ± 104.40** | 35.60 (− 103.10, − 35.10) | − 4.60 | 0.001 | 0.74## | |
Values are presented as means ± standard deviations. The p value was derived from a paired t-test of the results before and after the intervention
CI, confidence interval; FVC, forced vital capacity; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in one second; PEF, peak expiratory flow; VC, vital capacity; IC, inspiratory capacity; IRV, inspiratory reserve volume; ERV, expiratory reserve volume; MIP, maximum inspiratory pressure; MEP, maximum expiratory pressure; PCF, peak cough flow; MBorg, Modified Borg scale; SD, standard deviation
*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01
#Small, ##Moderate, ###Large