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. 2022 Jul 21;20:323. doi: 10.1186/s12967-022-03534-0

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 5 — Tregs are essential for myocardial recovery after MI. Cardiac functional parameters were measured after intramyocardial injection of 1 million allogeneic rCPCs, Treg⁻, Treg⁺, rCPCs + Treg⁺ and placebo separately in a nude rat MI model. A and B represent LV ejection fraction and fractional shortening, respectively, at day 1 and day 28. Similarly, single-cell suspensions of total heart lysates were used for flow cytometric analysis of M2 elevation 5 days after intramyocardial injection of 1 million rCPCs, rCPCs + Treg⁺, or placebo. Representative images (C–E) and quantification (F). Left ventriculat tissue from the heart was used for RNA isolation and quantitative RT-PCR was performed to analyze the expression of G ARG-1, and H IL-10, respectively, from rCPCs, rCPCs + Treg⁺, and placebo-treated hearts. Numerical data are summarized as box and whisker plots with a median value (black bar inside box), 25th and 75th percentiles (bottom and top of box, respectively), and minimum and maximum values (bottom and top whisker, respectively). The number (n) of rats in each group indicated near the (up/below/on) each respective box and whisker plot. F and G Immunoblot analysis with quantification by densitometry revealed increased protein expression of GDF15 in nude rat myocardium after exposure to rCPCs + Treg + cells treatment relative to placebo and rCPCs (fold change relative to GAPDH listed below bands) (I, J)