Table 1.
Characteristics of participants in the study
| Overall (59,123) | Male (26,197) | Female (32,926) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 60.03 (10.75) | 60.11 (10.92) | 59.96 (10.61) | 0.102 |
| Education | < 0.001 | |||
| Primary school and below | 15,747 (26.63) | 6077 (23.20) | 9670 (29.37) | |
| Junior middle school | 23,238 (39.30) | 10,267 (39.19) | 12,971 (39.39) | |
| Senior high school | 13,624 (23.04) | 6250 (23.86) | 7374 (22.40) | |
| College and above | 6514 (11.02) | 3603 (13.75) | 2911 (8.84) | |
| Smoking | < 0.001 | |||
| No | 51,533 (87.16) | 19,048 (72.71) | 32,485 (98.66) | |
| Yes | 7590 (12.84) | 7149 (27.29) | 441 (1.34) | |
| Drinking | < 0.001 | |||
| No | 50,261 (85.01) | 18,854 (73.36) | 30,097 (93.72) | |
| Yes | 8862 (14.99) | 6845 (26.64) | 2017 (6.28) | |
| Physical activity | < 0.001 | |||
| No | 20,778 (35.14) | 9625 (36.74) | 11,153 (33.87) | |
| Yes | 38,345 (64.86) | 16,572 (63.26) | 21,773 (66.13) | |
| History of diseases | ||||
| Cerebrovascular disease | 0.105 | |||
| No | 57,445 (97.16) | 25,421 (97.04) | 32,024 (97.26) | |
| Yes | 1678 (2.84) | 776 (2.96) | 902 (2.74) | |
| Heart disease | 0.388 | |||
| No | 57,126 (96.62) | 25,331 (96.69) | 31,795 (96.57) | |
| Yes | 1997 (3.38) | 866 (3.31) | 1131 (3.43) | |
| Dyslipidemia | 0.147 | |||
| No | 50,652 (85.67) | 22,505 (85.91) | 28,147 (85.49) | |
| Yes | 8471 (14.33) | 3692 (14.09) | 4779 (14.51) | |
| Diabetes mellitus | 0.565 | |||
| No | 50,701 (85.76) | 22,441 (85.66) | 28,260 (85.83) | |
| Yes | 8422 (14.42) | 3756 (14.34) | 4666 (14.17) | |
| BMI | 23.98 (3.28) | 24.18 (3.11) | 23.82 (3.40) | < 0.001 |
| SBP | 130.15 (16.73) | 130.75 (17.46) | 129.75 (17.46) | < 0.001 |
| DBP | 79.58 (10.24) | 80.82 (10.19) | 78.60 (10.17) | < 0.001 |
| FPG | 5.56 (1.75) | 5.57 (1.78) | 5.56 (1.72) | 0.468 |
| TG | 1.66 (0.98) | 1.67 (1.02) | 1.64 (0.94) | < 0.001 |
| TC | 4.72 (1.33) | 4.56 (1.32) | 4.85 (1.33) | < 0.001 |
| LDL-C | 2.64 (0.91) | 2.54 (0.89) | 2.71 (0.91) | < 0.001 |
| HDL-C | 1.44 (0.90) | 1.38 (0.54) | 1.48 (1.10) | < 0.001 |
| CA | < 0.001 | |||
| No | 53,290 (90.13) | 23,115 (88.24) | 30,175 (91.64) | |
| Yes | 5833 (9.87) | 3082 (11.76) | 2751 (8.36) | |
| CMT | < 0.001 | |||
| No | 55,725 (94.25) | 24,289 (92.72) | 31,436 (95.47) | |
| Yes | 3398 (5.75) | 1908 (7.28) | 1490 (4.53) | |
| Plaques | < 0.001 | |||
| 0 | 54,813 (92.71) | 23,918 (91.30) | 30,895 (93.83) | |
| 1 | 1948 (3.29) | 958 (3.66) | 990 (3.01) | |
| ≥ 2 | 2362 (4.00) | 1321 (5.04) | 1041 (3.16) | |
| Stenosis (≥ 50%) | < 0.001 | |||
| No | 58,543 (99.02) | 25,862 (98.72) | 32,681 (99.26) | |
| Yes | 580 (0.98) | 335 (1.28) | 245 (0.74) |
BMI body mass index; SBP systolic blood pressure; DBP diastolic blood pressure; FPG fasting plasma glucose; TG triglyceride; TC total cholesterol; LDL-C low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; CA carotid atherosclerosis; CMT carotid intima–media thickness