Table 2.
Causal relationship between the PUFAs and the potential confounders.
| Exposure | Potential confounder | Beta* | 95% CI | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LA | BMI | 0.0017 | −0.0129 | 0.0163 | 0.8200 |
| EA | −0.0029 | −0.0150 | 0.0093 | 0.6431 | |
| VitD | −0.0011 | −0.0126 | 0.0105 | 0.8587 | |
| AA | BMI | −0.0011 | −0.0136 | 0.0115 | 0.8658 |
| EA | 0.0012 | −0.0022 | 0.0047 | 0.4833 | |
| VitD | 0.0021 | −0.0033 | 0.0074 | 0.4516 | |
| ALA | BMI | 0.1950 | −0.0639 | 0.4538 | 0.1399 |
| EA | −0.1258 | −0.4956 | 0.2440 | 0.5050 | |
| VitD | −0.1805 | −0.5196 | 0.1585 | 0.2966 | |
| EPA | BMI | −0.0392 | −0.0844 | 0.0059 | 0.0885 |
| EA | 0.0253 | −0.0344 | 0.0849 | 0.4062 | |
| VitD | 0.0026 | −0.1192 | 0.1244 | 0.9666 | |
| DPA | BMI | −0.0575 | −0.1769 | 0.0620 | 0.3457 |
| EA | 0.0270 | −0.0333 | 0.0873 | 0.3802 | |
| VitD | −0.0657 | −0.4518 | 0.3204 | 0.7389 | |
| DHA | BMI | 0.0080 | −0.0267 | 0.0426 | 0.6527 |
| EA | −0.0088 | −0.0608 | 0.0431 | 0.7389 | |
| VitD | 0.0332 | −0.0018 | 0.0682 | 0.0628 | |
Abbreviations: AA, arachidonic acid; ALA, alpha-linolenic acid; Beta*, beta coefficient for the effect; BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; DHA, docosahexaenoic acid; DPA, docosapentaenoic acid; EA, educational attainment; EPA, eicosapentaenoic acid; LA, linoleic acid; PUFAs, polyunsaturated fatty acids; VitD, vitamin D or 25-hydroxyvitamin D.