Figure 10.

Nanopore mimics of the NPC. A: (Left) Polycarbonate membrane perforated by ~30 nm channels, coated on one face with a ~15 nm gold layer. (Right) FG nups are grafted to the gold layer by s ingle C-terminal cysteines. PEG is used to block unspecific binding to exposed gold. Reproduced from [23], permission pending. B: Schematics of a nanopore drilled in a silicon nitride (SiN) membrane by a focused electron beam. FG nups are grafted to the silicon nitride by a terminal thiol. Reproduced from [25], permission pending. C: DNA origami pore scaffold containing 48 single-stranded DNA handles, allowing specific attachment of FG nups that are conjugated with the matching single-stranded DNA sequence. Reproduced from [28], permission pending.