TABLE 2.
Associations of psychological responses with COVID-19 experience, information overload, non-adherence of the public, barriers, and facilitators of health care provision.
| Headache OR (95%CI) |
Stomach ache OR (95%CI) |
Back pain OR (95%CI) |
Sadness OR (95%CI) |
Irritability OR (95%CI) |
Anxiety OR (95%CI) |
Insomnia OR (95%CI) |
Dizziness OR (95%CI) |
|
| COVID-19 experience | ||||||||
| Serious experience | 1.0 (0.51–1.79) | 1.5 (0.59–3.90) | 1.5 (0.86–2.69) | 1.1 (0.51–2.18) | 1.5 (0.76–2.89) | 1.9 (0.88–4.1) | 1.3 (0.65–2.73) | 1.3 (0.51–3.45) |
| Information overload | ||||||||
| Followed or concerned Followed and concerned |
1.2 (0.57–2.32) 1.2 (0.45–3.48) |
2.2 (0.84–5.83) 0.6 (0.08–5.26) |
1.5 (0.79–2.76) 1.4 (0.54–3.60) |
2.7 (1.18–6.01)* 4.0 (1.38–11.7)** |
1.7 (0.82–3.42) 1.3 (0.43–3.88) |
2.1 (0.95–4.81) 2.5 (0.77–7.88) |
1.6 (0.74–3.53) 1.8 (0.58–5.35) |
3.1 (1.03–9.17)* 4.4 (1.12–17.0)* |
| Non-adherence of the public | ||||||||
| Non-adherence or concerned Non-adherence and concerned |
2.5 (1.10–5.59)* 3.1 (1.33–7.15)** |
7.6 (1.67–36.0)** 4.5 (0.88–23.29) |
1.1 (0.54–2.20) 2.9 (1.40–5.95)** |
3.0 (1.06–8.17)* 4.4 (1.59–12.3)** |
3.9 (1.45–10.5)** 7.0 (2.59–18.8)*** |
5.0 (1.57–16.1)** 7.0 (2.13–22.3)*** |
1.4 (0.55–3.35) 2.5 (1.01–5.98)* |
5.4 (1.12–25.9)* 5.4 (1.07–26.8)* |
| Work stress | ||||||||
| At least one stressor | 1.8 (0.98–3.56) | 2.4 (0.94–6.19) | 1.9 (1.07–3.47)* | 2.8 (1.32–6.04)** | 3.4 (1.68–6.73)*** | 3.0 (1.35–6.49)** | 1.8 (0.89–3.80) | 5.4 (1.70–17.3)** |
| Barriers and facilitators of health care provision | ||||||||
| Use of PPE | 2.5 (1.32–4.76)** | 2.2 (0.85–5.45) | 2.5 (1.37–4.55)** | 4.6 (2.15–9.81)*** | 3.0 (1.54–5.91)*** | 2.3 (1.08–4.85)* | 1.1 (0.51–2.26) | 3.9 (1.45–10.3)** |
| Lack of staff | 1.9 (1.01–3.65)* | 1.5 (0.60–3.90) | 2.0 (1.09–3.56)* | 2.4 (1.13–4.88)* | 2.2 (1.12–4.23)* | 2.0 (0.94–4.23) | 2.0 (0.95–4.02) | 1.7 (0.65–4.38) |
| Work exhaustion | 1.5 (0.77–2.75) | 1.6 (0.62–4.17) | 2.1 (1.19–3.77)* | 2.9 (1.36–6.36)** | 2.2 (1.12–4.30)* | 1.7 (0.80–3.59) | 1.6 (0.75–3.25) | 4.7 (1.49–14.6)** |
| Efficient dept. management | 0.6 (0.33–1.21) | 0.7 (0.28–1.82) | 0.7 (0.42–1.33) | 0.3 (0.13–0.62)** | 0.3 (0.12–0.53)*** | 0.3 (0.15–0.75)** | 0.6 (0.29–1.25) | 0.5 (0.19–1.35) |
| Colleagues’ support | 0.7 (0.38–1.34) | 0.4 (0.16–1.04) | 1.0 (0.54–1.72) | 0.5 (0.22–0.96)* | 0.3 (0.17–0.66)** | 0.4 (0.19–0.84)* | 0.6 (0.28–1.16) | 0.7 (0.27–1.82) |
| Public solidarity manifestation | 0.5 (0.21–1.15) | 0.8 (0.26–2.77) | 1.1 (0.55–2.16) | 0.6 (0.23–1.54) | 0.5 (0.21–1.26) | 0.6 (0.24–1.71) | 0.2 (0.07–0.82)* | 0.2 (0.2–1.17) |
***p < 0.001; **p < 0.01; *p < 0.05. Bold values are those which are significant.