FIG. 2.

Biosynthetic pathways leading to phenylalanine-derived metabolites. Phenylalanine can be incorporated into verrucines and ochratoxins produced by isolates that group together with the type culture of P. verrucosum (cluster A; Fig. 1) and into lumpidin produced by the three isolates in subgroup B1 (Fig. 1). The same basic isocoumarin moiety is incorporated into both ochratoxins and citrinin produced by the P. verrucosum group of isolates.