TABLE 1.

Round 1 item‐level content validity indices (I‐CVI) of 34 risk items of occupational violence in the emergency department grouped under the domains of history, behaviours and clinical presentation

	n	I‐CVI
History (N = 7 end users)
Criminal history	2	0.29
Frequent presentations	2	0.29
Involuntary admission	4	0.57
Mental illness	3	0.43
Previous history of aggression (includes domestic violence or older people abuse)	5	0.71
Substance abuse	4	0.57
Behaviours (N = 7 end users)
Angry	5	0.71
Anxiety	4	0.57
Clenched fist	6	0.86 a
Demanding	6	0.86 a
Dissatisfied, unhappy or frustrated	3	0.43
Distressed	4	0.57
Glaring or staring	4	0.57
Intimidating	4	0.57
Irrational or bad attitude	4	0.57
Irritable	4	0.57
Mumbling	3	0.43
Pacing or restlessness	3	0.43
Resisting care	5	0.71
Tone of voice (i.e., sarcasm and demeaning)	4	0.57
Use of threatening language	6	0.86 a
Clinical presentation (N = 8 end users)
Alcohol and/or drug intoxication	7	0.88 a
Altered cognitive status (i.e., confusion and dementia)	7	0.88 a
Brought in by ambulance	0	0
Brought in by police	5	0.63
Drug seeking presentation	6	0.75
Female patients	0	0.00
Male patients	0	0.00
Non‐compliant with medications (mental health patients)	4	0.50
Older adults	0	0
Pain or discomfort	2	0.25
Parents of young children	0	0
Suicidal or self‐harming	4	0.50
Younger age	0	0

^a Relevant item‐level content validity index.