Table 1.

The amino acid mutations identified in SARS‐CoV‐2 VOC and VOI categorized by WHO ¹¹ , ²⁴ , ²⁵ , ²⁶

WHO label	SARS‐CoV‐2 Genome
	S	N	E	M	ORF1a	ORF1b	ORF3a	ORF6	ORF7a	ORF7b	ORF8	ORF10
Variants of concern
Alpha	Δ69/70, Δ143/144, N501Y, A570D, D614G, P681H, T716I, S982A, D1118H	D3L R203K G204R S235F	–	–	T1001I A1708D I2230T Δ3675/3677	P314L	–	–	–	–	Q27* R52I K68* Y73C S84L	–
Beta	L18F, D80A, D215G, Δ241/243, K417N, E484K, N501Y, D614G, A701V	T205I	P71L	–	T265I K1655N K3353R Δ3675/3677	P314L	Q57H S171L	–	–	–	S84L	–
Gamma	L18F, T20N, P26S, D138Y, R190S, K417T, E484K, N501Y, D614G, H655Y, T1027I, V1176F	P80R R203K G204R	–	–	S1188L K1795Q Δ3675/3677	P314L E1264D	S253P	–	–	–	S84L E92K	–
Delta	T19R, G142D, E156G, Δ157/158, L452R, T478K, D614G, P681R, D950N	D63G R203M D377Y	–	I82T	T3255I T3646A	P314L G662S P1000L	S26L	–	V82A T120I	T40I	S84L Δ119/120	–
Omicron	A67V, Δ69/70, T95I, G142D Δ143/145, Δ211, L212I ins214 EPE, G339D, S371L, S373P, S375F, K417N, N440K, G446S, S477N, T478K, E484A, Q493R, G496S, Q498R, N501Y, Y505H, T547K, D614G, H655Y, N679K, P681H, N764K, D796Y, N856K, Q954H, N969K, L981F	R203K G204R	T9I	D3G Q19E A63T	K856R S2083I Δ2084/2084 A2710T T3255I P3395H Δ3674/3676 I3758V	P314L I1566V	–	–	–	–	S84L	–
Variants of interest
Lambda	G75V, T76I, R246N, Δ247/253, L452Q, L452R, D614G, T859N	P13L R203K G204R G214C	–	–	T1246I P2287S F2387V L3201P T3255I G3278S Δ3675/3677	P314L	–	–	–	–	S84L	–
Mu	T95I, Y144S, Y145N, R346K, E484K, N501Y, D614G, P681H, D950N	T205I	–	–	T1055A T1538I T3255I Q3729R	P314L P1342S	Q57H Δ256/257	–	–	–	T11K P38S S67F S84L	–

Note: The molecular location and the distribution of mutations in the virus genome is provided. Mutations in the S protein are mainly associated with immune escape or increased ACE2 binding affinity.

Abbreviations: E, envelope; M, membrane, N, nucleocapsid, ORF, open reading frame; S, spike.