TABLE 2.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of the study participants
| HC (n = 10) a | PD‐NC (n = 40) | PD‐MCI (n = 17) | P‐value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (y) | 54.6 (6.0) | 63.4 (7.4) | 67.5 (9.6) | <0.001 * , b |
| Gender, male n (% male) | 5 (50%) | 19 (47.5%) | 13 (76.5%) | 0.124 |
| Educational level c | 5.0 (1.0) | 5.0 (2.0) | 6.0 (1.0) | 0.704 |
| Motor symptom duration (mo) | 20.2 (11.8) | 25.1 (17.2) | 0.273 | |
| MDS‐UPDRS‐III, total score | 28.2 (9.1) | 36.8 (14.1) | 0.008 * | |
| Motor phenotype, n TD/PIGD/indeterminate | 15/18/7 | 4/12/1 | 0.189 | |
| Hoehn and Yahr stage d | 2.0 (1.0); 26.7 | 2.0 (1.0); 34.5 | 0.050 | |
| MoCA, total score | 28.4 (0.8) | 26.1 (2.6) | 23.7 (3.2) | <0.001 * , e |
| HADS anxiety, total score | 4.5 (2.6) | 4.7 (2.4) | 0.778 | |
| HADS depression, total score | 3.4 (2.4) | 4.6 (2.6) | 0.085 |
Statistically significant (p < 0.05)
Data are presented as mean (standard deviation) unless otherwise indicated.
Post hoc analysis: HC < PD‐NC; HC < PD‐MCI.
Educational level according to the Dutch Verhage scale (Verhage, 1964), listed as median (interquartile range).
Hoehn and Yahr stage is listed as median (interquartile range); mean rank.
Post hoc analysis: HC > PD‐NC > PD‐MCI.
Abbreviations: HC, healthy control; PD‐NC, Parkinson's disease normal cognition; PD‐MCI, Parkinson's disease mild cognitive impairment; MDS‐UPDRS‐III, Movement Disorder Society‐Revised Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale, Part III; TD, tremor dominant; PIGD, postural instability and gait difficulty; MoCA, Montreal Cognitive Assessment; HADS, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale.