TABLE 2.
Total number of cancer diagnoses, incidence rates per 1000 person‐years and crude and adjusted hazard ratios for incident cancers in patients diagnosed with NAFLD in Sweden between 1987 and 2016 compared to age‐, sex‐ and living location‐matched reference individuals
| Type of cancer | Incident cases | Incidence rate (95% CI) per‐1000 PY | HR (95% CI) | aHR (95% CI) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NAFLD (n, %) | Reference individuals (n, %) | NAFLD | Reference individuals | |||
| All cancers | 527 (6.3) | 4716 (6.6) | 9.7 (8.9–10.6) | 8.6 (8.3–8.9) | 1.22 (1.12–1.32) (p < .01) | 1.22 (1.12–1.33) (p < .01) |
| All cancers except if first cancer was HCC | 483 (5.7) | 4688 (6.6) | 9.0 (8.2–9.8) | 8.6 (8.3–8.8) | 1.14 (1.04–1.24) (p < .01) | 1.15 (1.05–1.26) (p < .01) |
| HCC | 47 (0.6) | 34 (0.0) | 0.8 (0.6–1.1) | 0.1 (0.0–0.1) | 15.50 (9.92–24.21) (p < .01) | 12.18 (7.15–20.79) (p < .01) |
| Colon and rectum | 77 (0.9) | 649 (0.9) | 1.4 (1.1–1.7) | 1.1 (1.1–1.2) | 1.35 (1.08–1.69) (p = .01) | 1.38 (1.09–1.75) (p < .01) |
| Stomach | 10 (0.1) | 77 (0.1) | 0.2 (0.1–0.3) | 0.1 (0.1–0.2) | 1.52 (0.80–2.88) (p = .21) | 1.32 (0.66–2.64) (p = .44) |
| Kidney | 21 (0.2) | 110 (0.2) | 0.4 (0.2–0.6) | 0.2 (0.2–0.2) | 2.27 (1.46–3.52) (p < .01) | 2.12 (1.34–3.36) (p < .01) |
| Bladder | 37 (0.4) | 199 (0.3) | 0.7 (0.5–0.9) | 0.4 (0.3–0.4) | 2.37 (1.70–3.28) (p < .01) | 2.51 (1.79–3.53) (p < .01) |
| Cervix | 12 (0.1) | 148 (0.2) | 0.2 (0.1–0.4) | 0.3 (0.2–0.3) | 0.80 (0.46–1.41) (p = .45) | 0.98 (0.56–1.70) (p = .94) |
| Ovary | 8 (0.1) | 85 (0.1) | 0.1 (0.1–0.3) | 0.1 (0.1–0.2) | 0.98 (0.49–1.96) (p = .96) | 0.93 (0.45–1.96) (p = .86) |
| Uterus | 25 (0.0) | 134 (0.2) | 0.4 (0.3–0.7) | 0.2 (0.2–0.3) | 1.80 (1.21–2.68) (p < .01) | 1.78 (1.18–2.68) (p < .01) |
| Breast | 69 (0.8) | 624 (0.9) | 1.2 (1.0–1.6) | 1.1 (1.0–1.2) | 1.14 (0.90–1.44) (p = .27) | 1.12 (0.87–1.45) (p = .37) |
| Lung | 36 (0.4) | 388 (0.5) | 0.6 (0.5–0.9) | 0.7 (0.6–0.7) | 0.98 (0.71–1.34) (p = .90) | 0.98 (0.71–1.36) (p = .93) |
| Oesophagus | 2 (0.0) | 42 (0.1) | 0.0 (0.0–0.1) | 0.1 (0.1–0.1) | 0.45 (0.1–1.8) (p = .26) | 0.52 (0.12–2.24) (p = .38) |
| Prostate | 74 (0.9) | 1024 (1.4) | 1.3 (1.0–1.7) | 1.8 (1.7–1.9) | 0.81 (0.65–1.01) (p = .07) | 0.88 (0.70–1.11) (p = .29) |
Note. aHR = Adjusted for diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia and COPD.
Abbreviations: aHR, adjusted hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; NAFLD, non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease; PY, person‐years.