TABLE 3.

Areas of future research for haemophilia and cardiovascular disease

Mortality	Standardisation of mortality data reporting. Regular (e.g. 5 yearly) reviews of causes of death in PWH: are there changes due to the ageing population, increasing CVD risk factors, changing prophylaxis and use of novel agents or gene therapy?
CVD risk factors	Aetiology of increased prevalence of hypertension in PWH. Control of risk factors such as hypertension and dyslipidaemia in PWH compared to the general population.
CAD	Improving understanding of pathogenesis of ACS and plaque stability in haemophilia including clinically silent atherosclerosis: novel non‐invasive imaging techniques, in vitro and animal models. Increased accuracy of risks factors, prevalence, outcome of CVD and optimal therapy likely through large prospective international registries/trials e.g. (a) Incidence of clinically apparent CAD and how improving standard CVD risk factors affect this. Is this changing over time due in increasing cardiovascular risk factors, changing prophylaxis and novel agents? (b) Incidence of bleeding and recurrent thrombosis with long‐term use of antithrombotic therapy.
AF	Better data on prevalence of AF, risk of stroke secondary to AF in PWH, and long‐term optimal therapy likely through large prospective international registries/trials. Does this change over time due to changing prophylaxis regimens and novel agents?

Abbreviations: ACS, acute coronary syndromes; AF, atrial fibrillation; CAD, coronary artery disease; CVD, cardiovascular disease; PWH, persons with haemophilia.