Table 1.

Significant studies on prebiotics transmission strategies.

Prebiotics/Probiotics	Sources	Transmission strategy or delivery system	References
Bakery products including L. plantarum, L. brevis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae Fructooligosaccharides, inulin	Yacon flour, Green dwarf banana flour, Wheat-taro composite flour	Microencapsulation	[50]
Beads of a mixture of alginate and inulin	Lactobacillus salivarius (LS), Lactobacillus reuteri (LR) and Pediococcus acidilactici UL5 (UL5),	Encapsulation studied by specific PMA-qPCR counting	[51]
Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, lactic acid bacteria, synbiotics	polysaccharide food-addictive such as Corn-derived maltodextrin etc	Oral gavage or water bottle and syringe-feeding as a refinement method on rats	[52]
Inulin nanoparticle	inulin nanoparticle (IN)-internalized Pediococcus acidilactici (PA)	Encapsulation into alginate/chitosan/alginate (ACA) microcapsules (MCs)	[8]
Colony-stimulating growth factor 1 (CSF-1), Fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2) and interleukin 4 (IL-4)	Streptococcus, Lactococcus, Leuconostoc, Lactobacillus and Pediococcus.	Food-grade (LAB) lactic acid bacteria as vehicles	[53]
soy protein isolate (SPI) and acylated soy protein (SPA)	Lactobacillus plantarum CECT 220 and Lactobacillus casei CECT 475 coacervation of soybean protein concentrate (SPC)	spray drying Encapsulation	[54]
Combinations of prebiotics and probiotics	α-glucans – amylose and amylopectin free fatty acids and lysophopholipids present in cereals e.g. maize wheat, rice and potato etc	Encapsulation on Starch granules	[55]
Combinations of probiotics and prebiotics	L. plantarum L. lactis Escherichia coli, Lactobacillus jensenii, fermented pomegranate juice	Vesicular systems such as nanoparticles, liposomes etc	[56]
Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis BB-12 as powdered probiotic passion fruit juice		Microencapsulation	[57]
Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus brevis and Lactobacillus plantarum Resistant starch	Rice	Microencapsulation	[58]