Table 3.
Recoveries and coefficient of variance (CV (%)) of 20 coccidiostats in different category muscles.
| Analyte | Spiked level (μg kg−1) | Chicken muscle | Porcine muscle | Bovine muscle | Fish muscle | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Intraday precision | Interday precision | LOQ (μg kg−1) | Intraday precision | Interday precision | LOQ (μg kg−1) | Intraday precision | Interday precision | LOQ (μg kg−1) | Intraday precision | Interday precision | LOQ (μg kg−1) | ||||||
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| Recovery (%) | CV (%) | CV (%) | Recovery (%) | CV (%) | CV (%) | Recovery (%) | CV (%) | CV (%) | Recovery (%) | CV (%) | CV (%) | ||||||
| Buquinolate | 0.5 | 89.7 | 2.9 | 3.7 | 0.5 | 100.2 | 6.4 | 4.1 | 0.5 | 91.4 | 4.7 | 7.1 | 0.5 | 100 | 3.2 | 6.8 | 0.5 |
| 1 | 91.2 | 3.1 | 95.2 | 5.7 | 92.9 | 3.4 | 94.5 | 2.9 | |||||||||
| 2.5 | 96.7 | 5.6 | 106.6 | 4.2 | 100.5 | 2.7 | 104.3 | 3.7 | |||||||||
| 5 | 92.2 | 2.5 | 105.2 | 2.4 | 100.8 | 2.2 | 102.9 | 3.9 | |||||||||
| Clopidol | 0.5 | 86 | 2.2 | 3.4 | 0.5 | 86.9 | 6.9 | 7.4 | 0.5 | 85.5 | 7.9 | 5.3 | 0.5 | 101.3 | 3.8 | 4.2 | 0.5 |
| 1 | 90 | 3 | 103.8 | 4.6 | 95 | 3.4 | 91 | 3.6 | |||||||||
| 2.5 | 83.4 | 3.8 | 97.1 | 4.4 | 100.2 | 4 | 98.1 | 2 | |||||||||
| 5 | 86.3 | 6.4 | 90.7 | 2.7 | 100.9 | 2.7 | 97.4 | 2 | |||||||||
| Closantel | 0.5 | 85.8 | 6.3 | 7 | 0.5 | 93.5 | 4.2 | 9.5 | 0.5 | 82 | 8 | 16.5 | 0.5 | 105.7 | 11.6 | 9.4 | 0.5 |
| 1 | 90 | 3.2 | 94 | 7.7 | 90.7 | 5.2 | 101.4 | 5.3 | |||||||||
| 2.5 | 106.4 | 7.2 | 101.5 | 5.7 | 95.2 | 6.6 | 98.3 | 6.9 | |||||||||
| 5 | 103.3 | 4.1 | 105.2 | 3.4 | 101.4 | 4.4 | 102 | 10 | |||||||||
| Decoquinate | 0.5 | 95.2 | 2.4 | 6 | 0.5 | 111.3 | 4.6 | 6.7 | 0.5 | 110.9 | 1.8 | 4.3 | 0.5 | 124.9 | 5.7 | 8 | 0.5 |
| 1 | 97 | 2.8 | 105.3 | 3 | 101.5 | 4.1 | 113.1 | 3.9 | |||||||||
| 2.5 | 104.5 | 5.9 | 105.7 | 2.9 | 98 | 3.4 | 112.9 | 7.5 | |||||||||
| 5 | 99.5 | 3.3 | 95.4 | 2.3 | 94.2 | 3.7 | 116.1 | 6.6 | |||||||||
| Diaveridine | 0.5 | 93.1 | 4.5 | 4.9 | 0.5 | 102.3 | 4.6 | 10.9 | 0.5 | 85.2 | 4.5 | 6 | 0.5 | 115 | 1 | 4.8 | 0.5 |
| 1 | 80.1 | 1.8 | 96 | 2.3 | 88.8 | 3.7 | 105.3 | 2.8 | |||||||||
| 2.5 | 82.8 | 2.6 | 104.1 | 2.1 | 97.4 | 4.2 | 110.3 | 1.7 | |||||||||
| 5 | 79.3 | 3.4 | 94.1 | 0.5 | 99.7 | 3.4 | 105.5 | 4.1 | |||||||||
| Diclazuril | 0.5 | 96.7 | 6 | 5.6 | 0.5 | 103.8 | 6.9 | 8.1 | 0.5 | 92.8 | 8.8 | 14.5 | 0.5 | 91.7 | 10 | 6.5 | 0.5 |
| 1 | 96.3 | 8.5 | 98.6 | 7.1 | 89.4 | 11.7 | 94.3 | 2.4 | |||||||||
| 2.5 | 96.3 | 5.3 | 100.9 | 5.5 | 84.5 | 6.6 | 117.5 | 4.2 | |||||||||
| 5 | 92.8 | 7.4 | 101.8 | 6.7 | 82.9 | 9.4 | 111.6 | 2.4 | |||||||||
| Dimetridazole | 0.5 | 101.8 | 18.3 | 10.7 | 0.25 | 116.3 | 23 | 9.5 | 0.25 | 97.1 | 19.9 | 8.9 | 0.25 | 100.8 | 6.2 | 7.3 | 0.25 |
| 1 | 81.9 | 10 | 102.9 | 17.2 | 88.1 | 21.1 | 99.2 | 3.7 | |||||||||
| 2.5 | 97.9 | 11.9 | 102.2 | 6.6 | 97.2 | 2.9 | 106.8 | 5.3 | |||||||||
| 5 | 99.1 | 7.5 | 94.1 | 7.8 | 102.1 | 6.6 | 103.6 | 4.9 | |||||||||
| Ethopabate | 0.5 | 85.2 | 4.7 | 4.9 | 0.5 | 90.5 | 3.6 | 7.1 | 0.5 | 81 | 5.5 | 4.6 | 0.5 | 84.6 | 2.7 | 4.1 | 0.5 |
| 1 | 85 | 1.7 | 93.4 | 1.7 | 94.1 | 4.1 | 91.9 | 1.6 | |||||||||
| 2.5 | 91.7 | 2 | 106 | 4.1 | 107.4 | 3 | 108.3 | 3.5 | |||||||||
| 5 | 87.4 | 3.8 | 98.8 | 1.7 | 108.2 | 1.1 | 108.1 | 1.9 | |||||||||
| Halofuginone | 0.5 | 83.4 | 4.3 | 7.9 | 0.5 | 104.4 | 5.2 | 9.3 | 0.5 | 90.9 | 5.2 | 7.4 | 0.5 | 106.6 | 2.3 | 3 | 0.5 |
| 1 | 89 | 2.2 | 97.9 | 3.7 | 96.8 | 5.8 | 95.9 | 2.2 | |||||||||
| 2.5 | 96.4 | 2.3 | 105.8 | 4.2 | 104.5 | 4.1 | 102.6 | 2.3 | |||||||||
| 5 | 95.2 | 5.1 | 102.4 | 2.7 | 105.1 | 2.8 | 100.1 | 1.9 | |||||||||
| Imidocarb | 0.5 | N.Da | N.D. | 17.9 | 0.25 | N.D.a | N.D. | 5.2 | 0.25 | 71.9 | 14.2 | 7.5 | 0.25 | 46.6 | 6.5 | 6.2 | 0.25 |
| 1 | 16.3 | 16.9 | 25 | 4.7 | 60.9 | 4.6 | 62.5 | 5.3 | |||||||||
| 2.5 | 81.9 | 4.1 | 96.5 | 5.8 | 98.5 | 4.2 | 99.3 | 4.9 | |||||||||
| 5 | 84 | 4.1 | 90.6 | 1.8 | 96.9 | 2.4 | 102.4 | 3.8 | |||||||||
| Isometamidium | 0.5 | 118.9 | 4.8 | 6 | 0.5 | 83.1 | 4.2 | 6.2 | 0.5 | 90.2 | 8.3 | 5.8 | 0.5 | 101.3 | 3.4 | 6.9 | 0.5 |
| 1 | 94.9 | 3.7 | 121.6 | 4.2 | 80.4 | 5.8 | 89.9 | 4.9 | |||||||||
| 2.5 | 103.3 | 4.4 | 102.2 | 2.7 | 107.4 | 2.2 | 114.2 | 2.6 | |||||||||
| 5 | 94.2 | 3.2 | 107.3 | 0.8 | 107 | 2.4 | 106.8 | 4.5 | |||||||||
| Levamisole | 0.5 | 75.1 | 2.2 | 5.2 | –b | 95.4 | 5.6 | 7.5 | –b | 89.3 | 9 | 4.7 | –b | 111.2 | 2.8 | 5.4 | –b |
| 1 | 80.3 | 3.9 | 103.7 | 4.6 | 97.7 | 7.6 | 98.1 | 3 | |||||||||
| 2.5 | 88.6 | 2.9 | 106.7 | 3.6 | 108.3 | 4.6 | 106.8 | 4.9 | |||||||||
| 5 | 89.2 | 4.7 | 96.9 | 3 | 99.5 | 5.4 | 98.4 | 5.1 | |||||||||
| Metronidazole | 0.5 | 97.7 | 2.5 | 6.6 | 0.5 | 110.6 | 3.4 | 8.9 | 0.5 | 92.7 | 5.2 | 7.1 | 0.5 | 101.1 | 10.8 | 6.3 | 0.5 |
| 1 | 96.0 | 4.3 | 94 | 3.2 | 100.5 | 4.5 | 103 | 8.6 | |||||||||
| 2.5 | 109.5 | 7.3 | 106.6 | 5.3 | 105.4 | 4.6 | 107.1 | 4.1 | |||||||||
| 5 | 99.9 | 3.7 | 102 | 4.5 | 104.8 | 2.3 | 104.6 | 4.6 | |||||||||
| Nicarbazin | 0.5 | 120.8 | 16.7 | 43.3 | –c | 112.3 | 2.4 | 5.7 | 0.5 | 92.3 | 4 | 5.2 | 0.5 | 100.8 | 6.2 | 4.2 | 0.5 |
| 1 | 76.2 | 40.5 | 97.8 | 3.8 | 97.8 | 5.9 | 99.2 | 3.7 | |||||||||
| 2.5 | 101.9 | 6.1 | 105.3 | 2.2 | 104.5 | 4.6 | 106.8 | 5.3 | |||||||||
| 5 | 102.2 | 6.3 | 102.2 | 4.1 | 103.3 | 3.9 | 103.6 | 4.9 | |||||||||
| Novobiocin | 0.5 | 66.9 | 6.9 | 4.4 | 0.5 | 107.4 | 8.9 | 6.3 | 0.5 | 71.9 | 30 | 37.7 | –d | 59.2 | 13 | 12.4 | 0.5 |
| 1 | 79.6 | 5.8 | 99.3 | 7.5 | 110.5 | 17.6 | 77.9 | 14.2 | |||||||||
| 2.5 | 98.7 | 4.3 | 108.5 | 4.9 | 127.5 | 12.2 | 88.9 | 4.4 | |||||||||
| 5 | 100 | 2.6 | 108.8 | 3.9 | 124.4 | 15 | 96.1 | 9.7 | |||||||||
| Praziquantel | 0.5 | 67.2 | 4.3 | 3.5 | 0.5 | 87.5 | 4.5 | 6 | 1 | 84.8 | 2.7 | 5.7 | 0.5 | 97.2 | 4.7 | 5.9 | 0.5 |
| 1 | 80.7 | 3.7 | 105.3 | 4.3 | 94.7 | 2.6 | 104.1 | 3.6 | |||||||||
| 2.5 | 95.6 | 1.9 | 107.1 | 3.9 | 104.8 | 1.7 | 106 | 2 | |||||||||
| 5 | 97.3 | 3.6 | 93.4 | 3.2 | 104.6 | 1.9 | 94.6 | 1.3 | |||||||||
| Pyrantel pamoate | 0.5 | 78.3 | 9.3 | 5.5 | 1 | 108.5 | 5.9 | 7.4 | 1 | 121.6 | 4.5 | 5.1 | 0.5 | 104.4 | 4.4 | 6.6 | 0.5 |
| 1 | 82.1 | 3.9 | 99.6 | 3.9 | 119.5 | 2.2 | 106.3 | 4.3 | |||||||||
| 2.5 | 91.6 | 2.8 | 96.1 | 3.4 | 112.2 | 4.4 | 94.8 | 3.9 | |||||||||
| 5 | 90.6 | 3.5 | 103.2 | 2.3 | 103.4 | 2.9 | 102.5 | 3.7 | |||||||||
| Pyrimethamine | 0.5 | 87.8 | 4.2 | 5.4 | 0.5 | 106.5 | 4.9 | 10.2 | 0.5 | 90.1 | 4.5 | 6 | 0.5 | 108 | 3.8 | 5.3 | 0.5 |
| 1 | 88.9 | 2.2 | 104.1 | 3.7 | 94.8 | 4 | 104.3 | 3.4 | |||||||||
| 2.5 | 96.5 | 3.2 | 94.2 | 2.7 | 104 | 2.8 | 96.4 | 2.4 | |||||||||
| 5 | 94.4 | 3 | 95.2 | 2.2 | 103 | 2.3 | 96.5 | 1.4 | |||||||||
| Robenidine | 0.5 | 100.6 | 6.2 | 5.5 | 0.5 | 116.4 | 2.8 | 5.3 | 0.5 | 95 | 3.6 | 6.4 | 0.5 | 104.7 | 2.1 | 4.5 | 0.5 |
| 1 | 98.5 | 4.7 | 97.4 | 3.6 | 97.5 | 6.9 | 101.1 | 2.3 | |||||||||
| 2.5 | 106.8 | 4.2 | 104.6 | 2.7 | 102.9 | 3.9 | 100.6 | 8.5 | |||||||||
| 5 | 104 | 1.9 | 107.8 | 2.6 | 100.4 | 3.2 | 105.9 | 4 | |||||||||
| Zoalene | 0.5 | 94.1 | 7.8 | 4.4 | 1 | 107.8 | 5.4 | 4.7 | 1 | 105.9 | 11.3 | 10.6 | 1 | 107.5 | 11.4 | 9.6 | 0.5 |
| 1 | 84.5 | 9.6 | 93.6 | 8.7 | 96.9 | 8.7 | 99.3 | 5.8 | |||||||||
| 2.5 | 91.8 | 9.2 | 101.7 | 5 | 98 | 5.9 | 107.3 | 2.5 | |||||||||
| 5 | 88.6 | 6 | 96.9 | 5.6 | 98.4 | 5.8 | 104.8 | 4.3 | |||||||||
a
Not detected.
b
The confirmation transition of levamisole has no specificity.
c
Residue of nicarbazin in chicken cause the failure of evaluating LOQ.
d
Novobiocin has not stable recoveries and coefficient of variations in bovine muscle. Modified extraction or clean-up method should be investigated for the consideration of method stability.