Table 1.
Outbreaks of Monkeypox: 1970–2021
| Decade | 1970–1979 | 1980–1989 | 1990–1999 | 2000–2009 | 2010–2019 | 2020–2021 | Total Cases | Deaths | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Endemic Countries | Number of Cases Reported* by Decade | ||||||||
| Cameroona | 1 | 1 | —b | — | 16 | — | 18 | N/A | [28–32] |
| Central African Republic | — | 8 | — | — | 61 | — | 69 | 0 | [7, 21, 33–38] |
| Côte d’Ivoire | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | 2 | 0 | [4, 39] |
| DRC* | 38 | 343 | 511 | 10 027 | 18 788 | 7374 | 37 081 | N/A | [4, 18, 22, 39–50] |
| Gabon | — | 4 | 9 | — | — | — | 13 | N/A | [51–53] |
| Liberia | 4 | — | — | — | 6 | — | 10 | N/A | [54, 55] |
| Nigeria | 4 | — | — | — | 228 | 42 | 274 | N/A | [6, 56, 57] |
| Republic of the Congo | — | — | — | 73 | 24 | — | 97 | N/A | [58–60] |
| Sierra Leone | 1 | — | — | — | 2 | — | 3 | 0 | [61–64] |
| South Sudan | — | — | — | — | 19 | — | 19 | 0 | [65] |
| Nonendemic Countries | |||||||||
| Israel | — | — | — | — | 1 | — | 1 | 0 | [66] |
| Singapore | — | — | — | — | 1 | — | 1 | 0 | [67] |
| United Kingdom | — | — | — | — | 4 | — | 4 | 0 | [68, 69] |
| United States | — | — | — | 47 | — | 2 | 49 | 0 | [5, 19, 70, 71] |
Abbreviations: DRC, Democratic Republic of the Congo; N/A, data not available or unclear.
*Reported cases include confirmed, probable, and/or suspected. All DRC cases from 2000 to 2009 and 2010 to 2019 were suspected cases. .
a
Cameroon is the only country where both viral clades have been reported in humans.
b
Dash denotes a period without reported outbreaks.