Table 1.

Liquid biopsy technologies for early detection of cancer and monitoring of disease recurrence. Each of these tests employs cfDNA, either alone or in combination with other circulating biomarkers, to detect cancer, perform tumor mutation profiling, or detect cancer recurrence.

Company	Cancer Application(s)	Patient Status	Product Name	Technology Description
Biocept	Lung and breast cancer mutation detection	Previously diagnosed	Target Selector™	Multiplex PCR amplification via “Switch-Blocker” technology: suppression of wild-type gene sequences focuses PCR on mutant sequences of interest. Amplification is followed by amplicon sequencing.101
Clinical Genomics	Colorectal cancer recurrence	Previously diagnosed and treated	Colvera®	Methylation-specific PCR-based detection of methylated BCAT1 and IKZF1 ctDNA post-bisulfite treatment.102
Delfi	Multi-cancer screening	No prior diagnosis of cancer	TBD	cfDNA whole genome NGS followed by fragmentation analysis.91
Epigenomics	Colorectal cancer detection	No prior diagnosis of cancer	Epi proColon®	Methylation-specific PCR-based detection of methylated Septin9 post-bisulfite treatment.60
Foundation Medicine (Roche)	Tumor mutation profiling	Previously diagnosed	FoundationOne®	Hybridization probe enrichment of ctDNA mutations followed by NGS.58
Freenome	Colorectal cancer detection	No prior diagnosis of cancer	PreEmpt CRC™	Multi-analyte detection (ctDNA, cfRNA, proteins) with machine learning classification.103
Grail	Multi-cancer screening	No prior diagnosis of cancer	Galleri™	Bisulfite sequencing: bisulfite treatment of cfDNA, targeted methylation hybridization probe enrichment of ctDNA followed by NGS.66
Guardant	Multi-cancer screening (with a first indication in colorectal cancer)	No prior diagnosis of cancer	LUNAR-2	Multi-omic analysis of cfDNA incorporating methylation, mutation, and fragmentomic analyses.104
Inivata	Tumor mutation profiling	Previously diagnosed	InVisionSeq™	Tagged-amplicon deep sequencing (TAm-Seq).105
Micronoma	Lung cancer diagnosis	No prior diagnosis of cancer	Oncobiota™	Metagenomic sequencing of total cfDNA followed by machine learning-based disease classification.93
Natera	Colorectal cancer molecular residual disease, recurrence monitoring	Previously diagnosed and treated	Signatera™	Personalized mutation detection: mutations present in patient’s tumor(s) are used to design custom ctDNA sequencing panels.106
Nucleix	Lung cancer diagnosis	No prior diagnosis of cancer	Lung EpiCheck®	Methylation-specific PCR-based detection of methylated markers post-bisulfite treatment.107
Thrive (Exact Science)	Multi-cancer screening	No prior diagnosis of cancer	CancerSEEK	Multiplex amplicon sequencing + proteomic biomarker detection.63
VolitionRX	Lung, colorectal, and prostate cancers; single cancer, ELISA-based screening	No prior diagnosis of cancer	Nu-Q™	ELISA-based quantification of nucleosome-bound cfDNA.108