TABLE 1.
A brief history of immunotherapies
| Immunotherapy | Year approved | Target cancer(s) |
|---|---|---|
| Interleukin-2 (IL-2) | 1991 | Metastatic kidney cancer |
| Rituximab (CD20 targeting monoclonal antibody) | 1997 | B-cell leukemia and lymphoma |
| Interleukin-2 (IL-2) | 1998 | Metastatic melanoma |
| Sipuleucel-T (activated autologous PBMCs combined with recombinant fusion protein PA2024) | 2010 | Castration-resistant prostate cancer |
| Ipilimumab (CTLA-4 targeting monoclonal antibody) | 2011 | Melanoma |
| Blinatumomab (bispecific T-cell engager [BiTE] targeting CD19 on B cells and CD3 on T cells) | 2014 | B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia |
| Nivolumab (PD-1 targeting monoclonal antibody) | 2014, 2015 | Melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer |
| Talimogene laherparepvec (T-VEC), (first oncolytic virus) | 2015 | Metastatic melanoma |
| Elotuzmab (SLAMF7-targeting monoclonal antibody) | 2015 | Multiple myeloma |
| Pembrolizumab (PD-1 targeting monoclonal antibody) | 2017 | Urothelial cancer |
| Axicabtagene ciloleucel (CD19-directed CAR T cells) | 2017 | Large B-cell lymphoma |
| Gemtuzumab ozogamicin | 2017 | Acute myeloid leukemia |
| Tisagenlecleucel (CD19-directed CAR T-cells) | 2017, 2018 | B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma |
| Atezolizumab (PD-L1 targeting monoclonal antibody) | 2017, 2019 | Urothelial cancer, triple-negative breast cancer |
| Nivolumab + ipilimumab + chemotherapy | 2020 | Metastatic non-small cell lung cancer |
| Gemtuzumab ozogamicin | 2020 | Acute myeloid leukemia |
*
This list is not exhaustive.