Table 5.

: Summary of results of associations between tumour and self-reactive antibodies and site-specific cancer risk, in specific populations. The evidence of association is defined by the number of studies reporting on the association, the range of the hazard ratio/odds ratio/relative risks/standardized incidence ratio reported in each study, and the statistical significance.

Target Population	Cancer risk	Serum antibody	Main findings	Diagnostic potential
High risk (BRCA) carriers	Breast cancer	MUC1 IgG	No association	NA
High risk oesophageal cancer (screening) population	Oesophageal cancer	Panel of eight autoantibodies: p53, IMP1, P16, cyclin B1, P62, c-myc, Survivn and Koc NY-ESO-1 STIP1	Positive association	High specificity and moderate sensitivity
Lung disease	Premalignant lung lesions Atypical adenomatous hyperplasia/ squamous cell dysplasia	Panel of nine autoantibodies	Positive association	Moderate specificity and moderate sensitivity for premalignancy
Endometrial cancer patients	Endometrial cancer	Anti-p53	Positive association for serous histology	NA
Ovarian cancer patients	Ovarian cancer	NY-ESO-1	48% seropositive	NA
Thyroid disease: (patients having nodule FNAB or thyroidectomy)	Thyroid cancer (papillary carcinoma)	Anti-Tg	Positive association No association	High specificity and low sensitivity (ref 80)
		Anti-TPO	Positive association No association	NA
		Autoimmune thyroiditis (either Tg or TPO Ab +ve)	No association	NA