Table 2.

Priority research questions on extreme events and food security: Farm level interventions

Farm level interventions	lower effort	Which on-farm practices increase resilience to drought, are cost-effective and easily adopted?
		What are the effects of crop diversification on pest, drought, and disease resistance?
		How much can increasing crop diversity improve smallholders’ adaptive capacity?
		How can we best assist food producers in their response to short-term (acute) extreme events (extreme rainfall, high-intensity storms, extreme temperatures, storm surges, etc.)?
	higher effort	How context dependent are on-farm resilience practices across the world, and are there common themes, interventions and technologies that work across multiple locations?
		How does the loss of biodiversity make cropping systems more susceptible to extreme events?
		What are the most effective ways to deploy interventions and increase adoption of on-farm technologies that help reduce the effect of extreme events on food security (e.g., new seed varieties, new irrigation technologies)?