Table 1.
Demographic, clinical, and scintigraphy data from patients with Parkinson disease (PD) and healthy controls (HC).
| PD patients (n = 30) | Healthy controls (n = 28) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographical and clinical data | |||
| Sex, male/female | 20/10 | 18/10 | 0.99 |
| Age, years | 71 (66.6–74.6) | 71.5 (66.9–75.8) | 0.85 |
| Height, cm | 175.1 ± 9.5 | 173.5 ± 8.7 | 0.51 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 24.8 ± 3.6 | 25.7 ± 3.1 | 0.29 |
| Time since diagnosis, years | 6.5 ± 3.4 | N/A | N/A |
| Motor symptoms duration, years | 9.0 ± 4.0 | N/A | N/A |
| Hoehn and Yahr stage (1/2/3) | 4/23/3 | N/A | N/A |
| MDS-UPDRS part III | 23.7 ± 7.9 | N/A | N/A |
| LEDD (mg of levodopa equivalents per day) | 773.7 ± 272.1 | N/A | N/A |
| Laxatives used (0/1/2/3/4 different types) | 11/11/6/1/1 | 21/7/0/0/0 | 0.018 |
| Orthostatic hypotension (yes/no) | 14/13 | 0/27 | <0.0001 |
| ROM (number of markers) | 31.3 ± 14.7 | 21.0 ± 9.1 | 0.002 |
| Colonic transit time (days) | 3.6 ± 1.5 | 2.6 ± 0.9 | 0.002 |
| MoCA score | 26.6 ± 1.8 | 27.5 ± 2.4 | 0.037 |
| Sniffin' Sticks score | 6.9 ± 2.84 | 12.6 ± 1.48 | <0.0001 |
| RBDSQ score | 5.5 (4–8) | 1 (0–2) | <0.0001 |
| ROME III functional constipation | 11 (5–23.5) | 2 (0–4.8) | <0.0001 |
| ROME III functional esophageal disorders | 3.5 (0–10.3) | 0 (0–3) | 0.12 |
| SCOPA-AUT | 16.5 (13.8–22.3) | 7.5 (5–10.8) | <0.0001 |
| MDT-PD total points | 10 (4.5–20.5) | 0 (0–3) | <0.0001 |
| MDT-PD weighted score | 3.5 (2.3–5.1) | 2.4 (2.4–3.0) | 0.12 |
|
| |||
| Algorithm-based analyses of esophageal scintigraphy | |||
| Total transit (s) | 5.47 (5.47–6.25) | 5.77 (4.90–8.06) | 0.47 |
| Distal 6 centimeters (s) | 2.23 (1.77–3.78) | 1.88 (1.61–2.78) | 0.05 |
| Distal 4 centimeters (s) | 2.09 (1.77–3.78) | 1.56 (1.31–2.20) | <0.017 |
| Distal 2 centimeters (s) | 1.63 (1.02–2.49) | 1.10 (0.77–1.53) | <0.040 |
|
| |||
| Region of interest based analyses of esophageal scintigraphy | |||
| Total transit, ROI 1–10 (s) | 6.41 ± 1.45 | 6.01 ± 0.84 | 0.35 |
| ROI 1–4 | 0.90 ± 0.31 | 0.78 ± 0.20 | 0.11 |
| ROI 7–10 | 3.11 ± 0.73 | 2.89 ± 0.64 | 0.28 |
| Upper part (total passage time, s) | 1.65 ± 0.32 | 1.63 ± 0.31 | 0.86 |
| Distal part (total passage time, s) | 6.76 ± 2.91 | 5.42 ± 1.13 | 0.075 |
Data given as mean ± SD or median (interquartile range). N/A, not applicable; BMI, body mass index; MDS-UPDRS, Movement Disorder Society-Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale; LEED, levodopa equivalent daily dose; MoCA, Montreal cognitive assessment; RBDSQ, REM sleep behavior disorder screening questionnaire; MDT-PD, Munich dysphagia test-Parkinson's disease.