Table 6.5.

Comparative analysis of disaster mitigation and preparedness strategies.

	Bangladesh	Nepal	Indonesia	India	Japan
Global climate risk index (2017)	9	4	50	14	36
Programmes initiated	Cyclone Preparedness Program (CPP), National Plan for Disaster Management [45], Bangladesh Climate Change Strategic Action Plan (BCCSAP), National Plan for Disaster Management 2010–15.	National Strategy for Disaster Risk Management (2009), District Disaster Preparedness Plan (DDPP), Community-Based Disaster Management Project (CBDMP), Disaster Preparedness Network Nepal (DPNet Nepal), Department of Water Induced Disaster Management (DWIDM), National Society for Earthquake Technology- Nepal (NSET), ActionAid Nepal Program	Agency for the Reconstruction and Rehabilitation of Aceh and Nias BRR, National Action Plan for Disaster Risk Reduction (NAP-DRR), Rekompak program	National Policy on Disaster Management 2009, [36]; National Disaster Management Plan (NDMP), 2019, Indigenous Technical Knowledge (ITK), India Disaster Resource Network (IDRN), India Disaster Knowledge Network (IDKN)	Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development (SATREPS), Enterprise Resilience Rated Loan Program, Community Disaster Management Plan forum, Three Year Emergency Response Plan for Disaster Prevention, Disaster Mitigation, and Building National Resilience (Dec 2018)
Disaster management tools	Disaster Management Act (2012), Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (SFDRR) 2016–30	Natural Calamity (Relief) Act, 1982, Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (SFDRR) 2016–30, Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act, 2017, Natural Calamity (Relief) Act, 1982, Local Self Governance Act, 1999, National Action Plan for Disaster Risk Management 1996, National Strategy for Disaster Risk Management (NSDRM), 2009, National Disaster Risk Reduction Strategic Action Plan, 2018–2030 (NDRRSAP)	Indonesian Disaster Management Law (DM Law) in 2007	ApdaMitra Scheme, The Disaster Management Act, 2005, PradhanMantriGraminAwaasYojana 2015	[12]; Amended Disaster Relief Act (2018),Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (SFDRR) 2016–30, Road Traffic Act, the Flood Control Act, and the Port and Harbor Act, Making Local Areas Resistant to Tsunami Act No. 123, Promotion of Tsunami Countermeasures Act No. 77, Making Local Areas Resistant to Tsunami, Law No. 123 of 2011, Art. 10.
Authorities working	National Disaster Management Council (NDMC), Inter-Ministerial Disaster Management Coordination Committee (IMDMCC); National Disaster Management Advisory Committee (NDMAC); National Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction (NPDRR); Earthquake Preparedness and Awareness Committee (EPAC); and Focal Point Operation Coordination Group of Disaster Management (FPOCG).	National Risks Reduction and Management Authority (NRRMA)	National Disaster Management Authority [5]	National Disaster Management Authority 2005, Cabinet Committee on Management of Natural Calamities, Panchayati Raj/Gram Sabhaand Municipalities, Gram Panchayat Disaster Management Committee (GPDMC), District Disaster Management Authority	Disaster Safe Welfare Communities “BOKOMI”, Chikubo'z, a Network of Local Government Officials Working on Community Disaster Risk Management Plans, Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), Fire and Disaster Management Agency, Establishment of the Megaflood Management Committees
Community participation	Community Risk Assessment (CRA) and Risk Reduction Action Plan (RRAP). NGO Coordination Committee on Disaster Management (NGOCC), Bangladesh Red Crescent Society (BRCS)	Nepal Red Cross, NGO Federation of Nepal (NFN)	Indonesia NGO, faith-based or religious Organizations, Civil Society Organizations (CSOs)	National Service Scheme (NSS) and Nehru Yuva Kendra Sangathan (NYKS), Woman groups, Bharat Scouts, Red cross society	Japanese Red Cross Society, Empowerment of Female Fire Corps Volunteers, NGO's, NPO's
Funding agencies	National/District Disaster Management Fund, Grameen Bank, Proshika, Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee (BRAC), Association for Social Advancement (ASA)	Princep Disaster Relief Fund, CDP Nepal Earthquake Recovery Fund, Prime Minister Relief Fund, Natural Calamity Relief Fund	Java Reconstruction Funds (JRF), Contingent Fund (Dana Darurat) Government Regulation 44/2012	Chief Minister's Disaster Relief Fund, MGNREGS, PradhanMantriAwasYojana, (PMAY), National Disaster Response Fund (NDRF), National Calamity Contingency Fund, Calamity Relief Fund	Disaster relief fund, Art. 24: Inclusion of funds for the redemption of principal and interest related to small disaster bonds in the standard budget request
Disaster response and mitigation	Organizing mock drills for disaster preparedness, Early warnings, Construction and maintenance of cyclone and flood shelters, supply of drinking water and food, first aid.	School Safety Program (SSP), reconstruction of earthquake-resistant schools	SekolahSiagaBencana (Disaster-Prepared School) and RumahSakitSiagaBencana (Disaster-Prepared Hospital), Child Disaster Awareness for School and Communities (CDASC), Hospital and Community Preparedness for Disaster Management (HCPDM, 2009)	People participation through gram sabhas, Organizing mass awareness programmes like nukadnatak, puppet show, disaster education through SarvSikshaAbhyan (2000–01), early warnings, risk assessment at local level, organizing training programmes and mock drills	Japan has implemented an extensive program of building tsunami walls of up to 4.5 m (13.5 ft) high in front of populated coastal areas, tsunami preparedness day- every year on November 5, rescue program workshop, Nuclear Emergency Core Hospitals, community tsunami preparedness measures, School Tsunami Preparedness