TABLE 5.
Subgroup analyses for ventilator-associated pneumonia.
| Synbiotics | Probiotics | Prebiotics | EPN | TPN | Number of studies | Participants | |
| OR (95% CrI) | OR (95% CrI) | OR (95% CrI) | OR (95% CrI) | OR (95% CrI) | |||
| Overall patients | 0.66 (0.37, 1.15) Rank 1 |
0.75 (0.58, 0.95) Rank 2 |
1.14 (0.63, 1.98) Rank 5 |
reference Rank 3 |
1.01 (0.67, 1.54) Rank 4 |
25 | 7721 |
| General ICU patients | 0.50 (0.20, 1.18) Rank 1 |
0.65 (0.41, 1.00) Rank 2 |
1.34 (0.54, 3.01) Rank 5 |
reference Rank 3 |
1.10 (0.56, 2.18) Rank 4 |
19 | 7250 |
| Trauma patients | 0.90 (0.15, 5.40) Rank 2 |
0.30 (0.13, 0.83) Rank 1 |
0.99 (0.10, 9.54) Rank 4 |
reference Rank 3 |
− | 6 | 471 |
| Higher disease severity | − | 0.65 (0.31, 1.31) Rank 2 |
0.48 (0.11, 2.12) Rank 1 |
reference Rank 3 |
1.16 (0.41, 3.48) Rank 4 |
11 | 6061 |
| Lower disease severity | 0.51 (0.24, 1.03) Rank 1 |
0.61 (0.37, 1.02) Rank 2 |
2.64 (0.91, 7.60) Rank 5 |
reference Rank 3 |
1.37 (0.39, 5.24) Rank 4 |
11 | 1506 |
| Only Lactobacillus GG | − | 0.66 (0.36, 1.12) Rank 1 |
1.14 (0.45, 2.62) Rank 4 |
Reference Rank 2 |
1.09 (0.57, 2.11) Rank 3 |
14 | 6256 |
| Mixed strains | 0.49 (0.19, 1.26) Rank 1 |
0.55 (0.31, 0.97) Rank 2 |
1.07 (0.38, 2.78) Rank 3 |
Reference Rank 4 |
1.10 (0.53, 2.34) Rank 5 |
19 | 4504 |
| Low-dose |
0.17 (0.03, 0.73) Rank 1 |
0.65 (0.37, 1.07) Rank 2 |
1.21 (0.49, 2.54) Rank 5 |
Reference Rank 3 |
1.09 (0.62, 1.97) Rank 4 |
16 | 3917 |
| High-dose | 0.76 (0.24, 2.48) Rank 2 |
0.60 (0.30, 1.12) Rank 1 |
1.06 (0, 37, 2.89) Rank 4 |
Reference Rank 3 |
1.10 (0.51, 2.37) Rank 5 |
16 | 6783 |
| High quality studies only (low risk of bias) | 0.37 (0.12, 1.10) Rank 1 |
0.61 (0.36, 1.01) Rank 2 |
2.00 (0.58, 6.17) Rank 5 |
Reference Rank 3 |
1.02 (0.43, 2.45) Rank 4 |
16 | 6864 |
| Nutrition therapy within 24 h | 0.76 (0.23, 2.61) Rank 1 |
0.78 (0.36, 1.62) Rank 2 |
1.09 (0.29, 3.42) Rank 4 |
Reference Rank 3 |
− | 9 | 3808 |
| Nutrition therapy within 48 h | 0.76 (0.26, 2.20) Rank 2 |
0.69 (0.39, 1.13) Rank 1 |
1.12 (0,42, 2.71) Rank 5 |
Reference Rank 3 |
1.12 (0.35, 3.68) Rank 4 |
15 | 4205 |
| Nutrition therapy beyond 48 h | 0.16 (0.02, 1.24) Rank 1 |
1.06 (0.17, 6.80) Rank 2 |
− | Reference Rank 3 |
1.12 (0.32, 4.46) Rank 4 |
4 | 2841 |
Significant results are in bold and underscored. OR, odds ratio; CrI, credible interval; EPN, enteral nutrition and/or adjuvant peripheral parenteral nutrition; TPN, total parenteral nutrition.