Table 4.

Association of PHQ-9 with substance use among participants in KNH ED patients.

	Ever used tobacco	Current tobacco user	Ever used alcohol	Daily Drinker
	aOR (95% CI), p-value	aOR (95% CI), p-value	aOR (95% CI), p-value	aOR (95% CI), p-value
Age (yr)	1.03 (1.018, 1.043), <.0001)	1.022 (1.005, 1.038), 0.0097)	1.016 (1.003, 1.029), 0.0128)	1.051 (1.018, 1.084), 0.0021)
PHQ-9 score -mild vs none	1.475 (0.977, 2.226), 0.0645)	1.761 (0.997, 3.111), 0.0512)	1.952 (1.309, 2.909), 0.001)	2.1 (0.637, 6.92), 0.2229)
PHQ-9 score -moderate vs none	1.651 (1.041, 2.618), 0.033)	1.275 (0.654, 2.486), 0.4763)	1.36 (0.87, 2.126), 0.1778)	6.259 (1.817, 21.561), 0.0037)
PHQ-9 score – moderately severe vs none	1.037 (0.583, 1.846), 0.9008)	1.191 (0.533, 2.663), 0.6696)	1.195 (0.692, 2.062), 0.5232)	4.382 (1.028, 18.673), 0.0458)
PHQ-9 score - severe vs none	1.848 (1.049, 3.256), 0.0335)	1.35 (0.587, 3.108), 0.4799)	1.085 (0.624, 1.888), 0.7716)	9.035 (2.315, 35.264), 0.0015)

Note: aOR: adjusted odds ratio; CI: confidence interval