Table 3.

Hierarchical linear regression^a for skeletal muscle mass, with measures of pressure hyperalgesia and self-reported pain.

Dependent variable	Model	Independent variable	R²	∆R²	F-change (sig. F-change)	B (95% CI)
Pressure hyperalgesiab
Center of patella (kgf)†	1	Covariatesa	0.100
	2	Skeletal muscle mass	0.241	0.141	18.360 (<0.001)	0.071 (0.038, 0.104)
Ipsilateral tibialis anterior (kgf)†	1	Covariatesa	0.107
	2	Skeletal muscle mass	0.283	0.176	24.100 (<0.001)	0.078 (0.046, 0.109)
Contralateral upper limb (kgf)†	1	Covariatesa	0.100
	2	Skeletal muscle mass	0.365	0.265	40.417 (<0.001)	0.087 (0.060, 0.114)
Self-reported pain (VAS)
Current pain	1	Covariatesa	0.085
	2	Skeletal muscle mass	0.150	0.065	7.617 (0.007)	−0.78 (−1.34, −0.22)

Abbreviations: VAS, visual analogue scale.

^aadjusted for sex, presence of bilateral pain, and duration of symptoms†.

^bPressure pain threshold.

^†Log-transformed.

Significant differences are presented in bold (p < 0.05).