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. 2022 Jul 22;13:4231. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-31852-w

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 7 — a Pie charts comparing the frameshifting efficiency (gray) with the distribution of translocation rates for pept-tRNA (magenta) and deacylated tRNA (blue) and SSU head domain back rotation (green) on non-slippery and slippery mRNA with EF-G(wt) and EF-G(Q507D). b Kinetic model of translocation on slippery mRNA. Majority of ribosomes translocate in fast mode with tRNAs moving synchronously to the POST state; back swiveling of the SSU head domain completes translocation. A fraction of ribosomes translocates in slow mode where pept-tRNA is trapped fluctuating between CHI and P/P instead of moving to the POST state. Deacylated tRNA translocates rapidly and dissociates from the E site allowing pept-tRNA to sample 0- and –1-frame codons. SSU head closure is delayed due to prolonged fluctuations of pept-tRNA. Rates of the elemental reactions for pept-tRNA are indicated.