Table 2.

Overview of the concentration of unmodified aSyn and pS129 aSyn in the different biological fluid specimens.

Biological fluid	aSyn levels range in controls and PD	pS129 levels range in controls and PD	Other PTMs detected
CSF	61.05–68,900 pg/ml^{44–47,52,119–121}; 1.34 ± 2.16–3.80 ± 2.40 µg/ml⁴⁹	No detection to 7.14 ± 9.19 µg/ml^{49–51,53,77,79,80,128–130}	pY39; oligo-pS129
Plasma	3600–1,777,100 ± 3,609,600 pg/ml^53–59	0.8 ± 0.6 fg/ml–12.9 ± 8.7 fg/ml¹⁴³; 878.5 ± 317.4–756,800 ± 2,419,900 pg/ml^53,55	oligo-pS129; ubiquitination
Red blood cells	26,200 ± 3000–40,000 ng/ml^60–62	24.48 ± 7.6–636,050 ± 6030 pg/mg^149–151	AGEs; SUMOylation; nY39; pY125
Saliva	7.104 ± 5.122–314.03 ± 435.9 pg/ml^64–66; 159.4 ± 61.6–229.9 ± 64 ng/ml⁶⁷	NA	NA
Tears	32.02–361.16 pg/mg^68,69	NA	NA

NA not applicable.