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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Feb 1.
Published in final edited form as: Ethn Health. 2022 Jan 23;28(2):299–312. doi: 10.1080/13557858.2022.2027883

Table 4.

Joint effects of lifestyle behaviors on NAFLD and advanced fibrosis

Multivariable adjusted OR (95% CI) NAFLD
Multivariable-adjusted OR (95% CI)
Advanced fibrosis
Multivariable-adjusted OR (95% CI)
Combined physical activity & sedentary behavior
 Low PA/High Sed (Reference)
 Low PA/Mid Sed 0.86 (0.31, 2.36) 0.80 (0.20, 3.20)
 Low PA/Low Sed 0.63 (0.23, 1.73) 0.74 (0.10, 5.73)
Mid PA/High Sed 0.37 (0.19, 0.72) 1.35 (0.21, 8.54)
 Mid PA/ Mid Sed 0.80 (0.42, 1.49) 0.46 (0.14, 1.55)
Mid PA/Low Sed 0.47 (0.25, 0.86) 2.01 (0.39, 10.37)
 High PA/ High Sed 0.66 (0.34, 1.28) 0.43 (0.03, 5.29)
 High PA/ Mid Sed 0.73 (0.36, 1.50) 1.86 (0.40, 8.74)
High PA/ Low Sed 0.27 (0.10, 0.69) 0.27 (0.07, 1.06)
Combined HEI & total energy
 Low HEI/High Total Energy (Reference)
 Low HEI/Mid Total Energy 0.96 (0.33, 2.89) 0.20 (0.05, 0.93)
 Low HEI/Low Total Energy 2.42 (1.07, 5.50) 2.45 (0.54, 11.24)
 Mid HEI/High Total Energy 0.87 (0.42, 1.82) 1.88 (0.50, 7.16)
 Mid HEI/Mid Total Energy 0.78 (0.29, 2.11) 1.18 (0.20, 6.99)
 Mid HEI/Low Total Energy 0.59 (0.19, 1.82) 0.12 (0.02, 0.95)
 High HEI/High Total Energy 1.35 (0.56, 3.28) 0.36 (0.08, 1.74)
 High HEI/Mid Total Energy 0.71 (0.34, 1.48) 0.05 (0.01, 1.38)
 High HEI/Low Total Energy 0.83 (0.49, 1.40) 0.42 (0.13, 1.33)

Notes:

Abbreviations: NAFLD: non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, OR: odds ratio, CI: confidence interval, PA: physical activity, Sed: sedentary behavior, HEI: Healthy Eating Index 2015;

Low, Med, High refer to Tertiles 1, 2, and 3, respectively;

Models: Multivariable logistic regression;

Values: Multivariable-adjusted Odds Ratios (95% Confidence Intervals);

Combined physical activity & sedentary behavior model adjusted for age, sex, metabolic syndrome and total energy;

Combined HEI & total energy model adjusted for age, sex, metabolic syndrome, physical activity and alcohol use.