Table 2.
DEA-Malmquist index summary of annual means
| Panel A: DEA-Malmquist index summary of annual means | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Year | effch | techch | pech | sech | tfpch | |
| Year 2 (2018–2019) | 0.926 | 1.083 | 1.026 | 0.902 | 1.002 | |
| Year 3 (2019–2020) | 0.911 | 1.135 | 0.995 | 0.915 | 1.034 | |
| Mean | 0.918 | 1.108 | 1.010 | 0.909 | 1.018 | |
| Panel B: results of Wilcoxon test | ||||||
| Efficiency scores | Wilcoxon signed ranks test | Null hypothesis | Decision on the null hypothesis | |||
| Z-statistic | p-value | |||||
| Technical efficiency change (year 2 vs. year 3) | − 1.946 | 0.052* | The median of differences between effch-Y1 and effch-Y2 equals 0 | Retain | ||
| Technological efficiency change (year 2 vs. year 3) | − 4.016 | 0.000** | The median of differences between techch-Y1 and techch-Y2 equals 0 | Reject | ||
| Pure efficiency change (year 2 vs. year 3) | − 2.523 | 0.012** | The median of differences between pech-Y1 and pech-Y2 equals 0 | Reject | ||
| Scale efficiency change (year 2 vs. year 3) | − 0.674 | 0.500 | The median of differences between sech-Y1 and sech-Y2 equals 0 | Retain | ||
| Total factor productivity change (year 2 vs. year 3) | − 0.400 | 0.689 | The median of differences between tfpch-Y1 and tfpch-Y2 equals 0 | Retain | ||
All Malmquist index averages are geometric means
effch technical efficiency change, techch technological change, pech pure technical efficiency change, sech scale efficiency change, tfpch total factor productivity (TFP) change
*p < 0.1; **p < 0.05