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. 2022 Jul 22;13:4226. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-31790-7

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — a ThT kinetic assay for α-syn aggregation in the presence of a gradient concentration of heparin. α-Syn concentration is 50 μM. Data shown are mean ± SD, n = 5 independently prepared samples. b Representative negative-staining TEM images of apo-α-syn fibrils (top) and hep-α-syn fibrils (bottom) from three biologically independent experiments. Scale bar = 100 nm. c Cryo-EM micrographs of hep-α-syn and apo-α-syn fibrils. Representative 2D class averages of each polymorph are shown as insets. Scale bar = 100 nm. d Central slices of the 3D maps of each polymorph of hep-α-syn fibrils and apo-α-syn fibrils. The proportions of each polymorph in the fibril sample are indicated. Arrows indicate the additional densities.