Table 1.

Brief summary of necroptosis induced by common pathogens described in this review.

Pathogen	Research models	Identified virulence factors involved	Effects on host	References
MCMV	Cell lines: NIH3T3 fibroblasts, 3T3-SA, SVEC4-10, MEFs, BMDMs; WT and transgenic mouse models	vICA, vMIA, M36, M45	Protective	[71, 100]
Influenza virus	Cell lines: BMDMs. Fibroblasts; WT and transgenic mouse models	NS1	Protective, but detrimental at severe conditions.	[69, 119, 128]
Sendai virus	L929	Y1, Y2	Proposed protective	[137]
Salmonella	Macrophages; WT and transgenic mouse models	K45A, SPI-2, NleB?	Detrimental	[151, 152, 157]
Mycobacterium	Fibroblasts, granulomas	ND	Detrimental	[179, 183, 184]
Helicobacter	AZ-521	VacA	ND	[195]
Pathogenic E. coli	293 T cells, Hela cells	NleB	Protective	[61]
Klebsiella pneumoniae	THP-1 cell line, WT, and transgenic mouse	ND	ND	[208]
C. perfringens	Caco-2, Vero cells, human enterocyte-like T84 cell lines	Enterotoxin, β-toxin	ND	[211, 212]
Leishmania	Bone marrow-derived macrophages	ND	Protective	[214]
T. gondii	WT and transgenic mouse	ND	Proposed protective	[49, 217]