Table 1.
Demographic and cultural characteristics of mothers (N=31).
| Characteristics | Values | ||||
| Age (years), mean (SD; range) | 31.17 (7.69; 19-50) | ||||
| Indigenous status, n (%) | |||||
|
|
Aboriginal | 21 (68) | |||
|
|
Torres Strait Islander | 2 (7) | |||
|
|
Nonidentified | 7 (23) | |||
|
|
Did not answer | 1 (3) | |||
| Identified with an Indigenous community, n (%) | |||||
|
|
Yes | 25 (81) | |||
|
|
No | 1 (3) | |||
|
|
Unknown | 4 (13) | |||
|
|
Did not answer | 1 (3) | |||
| Maintain cultural connections at home, yes, n (%) | 25 (81) | ||||
| Ways of connecting to culture, n (%) | |||||
|
|
Music or dance | 19 (61) | |||
|
|
Storytelling | 19 (61) | |||
|
|
Indigenous television | 18 (58) | |||
|
|
Art | 15 (48) | |||
|
|
Food | 14 (45) | |||
|
|
Indigenous internet sites | 10 (32) | |||
|
|
Indigenous newspapers | 7 (23) | |||
|
|
Traditional medicine | 6 (19) | |||
|
|
Indigenous radio | 5 (16) | |||
|
|
Other | 1 (3) | |||
| Family members from Stolen Generationsa, n (%) | |||||
|
|
Yes | 6 (19) | |||
|
|
No | 12 (39) | |||
|
|
Unknown | 13 (42) | |||
| Education of mother, n (%) | |||||
|
|
Did not finish high school | 6 (19) | |||
|
|
High school | 6 (19) | |||
|
|
Certificate | 10 (32) | |||
|
|
Diploma | 2 (7) | |||
|
|
Bachelor’s degree | 4 (13) | |||
|
|
Postgraduate degree | 1 (3) | |||
|
|
Did not answer | 2 (7) | |||
| Currently pregnant, yes, n (%) | 1 (3) | ||||
| Partner, yes, n (%) | 16 (52) | ||||
| Number of people living in household, mean (SD; range) | 4 (1.31; 2-7) | ||||
| Number of children (aged <18 years) living in household, mean (SD; range) | 2.39 (1.41; 1-5) | ||||
| Smoking status of mother, n (%) | |||||
|
|
Nonsmoker | 21 (68) | |||
|
|
Yes, daily | 5 (16) | |||
|
|
Yes, at least once a week | 2 (7) | |||
|
|
Yes, less often than once a week | 1 (3) | |||
|
|
Did not answer | 2 (7) | |||
| Number of cigarettes smoked per day (on the days smoking), mean (SD; range) | 8.5 (3.21; 4-12) | ||||
| Number of smokers in household, n (%) | |||||
|
|
0 | 14 (45) | |||
|
|
1 | 10 (32) | |||
|
|
2 to 3 | 4 (13) | |||
|
|
>3 | 1 (3) | |||
| Child exposure to indoor tobacco smoke, yes, n (%) | 1 (3) | ||||
| Child exposure to outdoor tobacco smoke, yes, n (%) | 15 (48) | ||||
| Child exposure to tobacco smoke in the car, yes, n (%) | 0 (0) | ||||
aThe Stolen Generations refers to a period in Australia’s history when Aboriginal children were removed from their families through government policies. This happened during the period from the mid-1800s to the 1970s [39].