Table 4.
Clinical parameters of the CNVR, CIVR, CNVR, and CNCG subgroups before and after the intervention.
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CNVRa subgroup (n=17) | CIVRb subgroup (n=14) | CNCGc subgroup (n=15) | CICGd subgroup (n=11) | |||||
| FMA-UEe scores, mean (SD); rangef |
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Pretreatment | 33.23 (18.76); 4-63 | 20.93 (15.79); 6-58 | 23.20 (17.65); 6-61 | 33.82 (22.03); 9-65 | ||||
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3 weeks’ treatment | 39.47 (18.91); 8-64 | 22.64 (16.22); 8-58 | 26.07 (16.65); 11-60 | 39.00 (22.39); 10-66 | ||||
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3 months | 43.58 (18.65); 14-66 | 22.64 (16.22); 8-58 | 31.47 (17.43); 12-66 | 41.91 (22.37); 12-66 | ||||
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6 months | 46.35 (18.94); 14-66 | 28.00 (20.58); 5-65 | 34.20 (17.08); 14-66 | 43.63 (20.93); 14-66 | ||||
| BIg scores, mean (SD); rangeh |
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Pretreatment | 63.24 (25.98); 25-100 | 35.35 (14.61); 10-60 | 57.33 (24.04); 20-100 | 65.45 (26.31); 25-100 | ||||
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3 weeks’ treatment | 76.18 (23.15); 30-100 | 50.36 (25.83); 25-100 | 70.33 (23.94); 25-100 | 68.64 (26.18); 25-100 | ||||
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3 months | 82.35 (17.42); 45-100 | 61.43 (24.37); 30-100 | 77.67 (20.78); 35-100 | 73.64 (27.02); 25-100 | ||||
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6 months | 85.00 (17.68); 55-100 | 69.29 (21.83); 30-100 | 83.33 (20.59); 35-100 | 79.55 (19.81); 35-100 | ||||
| IADLi scores, mean (SD); rangej |
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Pretreatment | 3.82 (1.85); 2-8 | 1.21 (0.97); 0-3 | 2.80 (1.90); 1-7 | 2.00 (2.53); 0-7 | ||||
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3 weeks’ treatment | 4.35 (1.90); 2-8 | 1.71 (1.90); 0-5 | 3.47 (1.88); 1-7 | 2.64 (2.16); 1-7 | ||||
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3 months | 4.94 (1.87); 2-8 | 2.64 (2.71); 0-8 | 3.67 (2.09); 1-7 | 3.73 (2.83); 1-8 | ||||
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6 months | 5.71 (2.23); 2-8 | 3.07 (3.12); 0-8 | 5.27 (1.94); 2-8 | 4.00 (2.68); 1-8 | ||||
aCNVR: cognitive normal virtual reality group.
bCIVR: cognitive impaired virtual reality group.
cCNCG: cognitive normal control group.
dCICG: cognitive impaired control group.
eFMA-UE: Fugl-Meyer assessment for Upper Extremity.
fRepeated measures analysis of variance: Time, F3,159=52.398, P<.001 (significant); treatment, F1,53=0.099, P=.76; cognitive, F1,53=0.281, P=.60. Time × treatment, F3,159=0.013, P=.97; time × cognitive, F3,159=1.576, P=.22; treatment × cognitive, F1,53=7.358, P=.009 (significant). Treatment × time × cognitive, F3,159=1.329, P=.27.
gBI: Barthel Index.
hRepeated measures analysis of variance: Time, F3,159=49.619, P<.001 (significant); treatment, F1,53=1.446, P=.24; cognitive, F1,53=4.372, P=.004 (significant). Time × treatment, F3,159=1.687, P=.19; time × cognitive, F3,159=0.453, P=.66; treatment × cognitive, F1,53=4.111, P=.05 (significant). Treatment × time × cognitive, F3,159=3.161, P=.04 (significant). The Bonferroni post hoc test was significant between the CNVR subgroup and the CIVR subgroup (P<.001).
iIADL: Instrumental Activities of Daily Living.
jRepeated measures ANOVA: Time, F3,159=20.051, P<.001 (significant); treatment, F1,53=0.001, P=.98; cognitive, F1,53=11.807, P=.001 (significant). Time × treatment, F3,159=0.176, P=.87; time × cognitive, F3,159=0.808, P=.47; treatment × cognitive, F1,53=3.758, P=.06. Treatment × time × cognitive, F3,159=0.262, P=.80.