Table 2.
Improvement in self-reported subjective symptoms after ≥30 days of Myndlift neurofeedback for users that scored in the healthy range, and separately for those that scored in the abnormal range (per conventional clinical cutoffs) at baseline.
| Questionnaire and group at baseline (cutoff value) | No. of sessions, mean (SD) | Treatment duration (days), mean (SD) | Change (points decreased), mean (SD) | Change T value | Change P valuea | Effect size, d | Users improved by ≥20%, n (%) | Abnormal to healthy results, n (%) | |||||||||
| 12-item General Health Questionnaire (maximum score = 36) | |||||||||||||||||
|
|
Abnormal (≥12; n=197) |
53 (39.1) | 94 (42.2) | 7.8 (7.80) | 13.94 | <.001 | 0.99 | 139 (71) | 113 (57) | ||||||||
| Healthy (<12; n=66) |
52 (34.3) | 84 (36.6) | 1.0 (4.28) | 1.90 | .06 | 0.23 | 30 (45) | N/Ab | |||||||||
| ADHDc Rating Scale IV (for children; maximum score = 54): preliminary | |||||||||||||||||
| Abnormal (>36; n=7) |
49 (19.7) | 75 (32.8) | 19.3 (7.99) | 6.38 | <.001 | 2.41 | 7 (100) | 7 (100) | |||||||||
| Healthy (≤36; n=20) |
53 (23.2) | 102 (37.9) | 7.9 (8.10) | 4.36 | <.001 | 0.98 | 14 (70) | N/A | |||||||||
| Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (maximum score =24) | |||||||||||||||||
|
|
Abnormal (≥14; n=56) |
48 (25.6) | 86 (41.5) | 4.0 (3.81) | 7.83 | <.001 | 1.05 | 30 (54) | 30 (54) | ||||||||
| Healthy (<14; n=56) |
63 (35.7) | 97 (37.2) | 2.1 (2.14) | 7.38 | <.001 | 0.99 | 33 (59) | N/A | |||||||||
| 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (maximum score = 21) | |||||||||||||||||
|
|
Abnormal (≥14; n=99) |
52 (36.7) | 87 (40.2) | 6.4 (5.18) | 12.39 | <.001 | 1.24 | 82 (83) | 68 (69) | ||||||||
| Healthy (<14; n=107) |
55 (32.5) | 97 (40.4) | 1.3 (3.92) | 3.43 | .001 | 0.33 | 63 (59) | N/A | |||||||||
| 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (max imum score = 27) | |||||||||||||||||
|
|
Abnormal (≥10; n=63) |
57 (47.6) | 88 (37.7) | 6.2 (5.47) | 8.94 | <.001 | 1.13 | 45 (71) | 38 (60) | ||||||||
| Healthy (<10; n=71) |
57 (34.7) | 95 (39.8) | 1.5 (4.07) | 3.04 | .004 | 0.36 | 49 (69) | N/A | |||||||||
aReported as Benjamini-Hochberg–adjusted P values.
bN/A: not applicable; healthy subjects are already within the healthy range.
cADHD: attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.