Table 3.
Improvement in CPT after ≥30 days of Myndlift neurofeedback (n=99) separately for healthy users that scored in the normal range for children or adults at baseline and for those in the abnormal ADHD range (per conventional clinical cutoffs).
| CPTa outcome and group results at baseline ASRSb or ADHDc-RS-IVd | No. of sessions, mean (SD) | Treatment duration (days), mean (SD) | Change reduction, mean (SD)e | Change T value | Change P valuef | Effect size, d | Users improved (RCIg ≥1.65 SD), n (%) | |
| Average response time | ||||||||
|
|
Abnormal (n=46) | 48 (26.3) | 85 (40.3) | 8.9 (33.52) | 1.80 | .08 | 0.27 | 20 (43) |
| Healthy (n=53) | 61 (31.0) | 100 (40.0) | 15.0 (26.96) | 4.05 | <.001 | 0.56 | 22 (42) | |
| Response time variability (SD of response time) | ||||||||
|
|
Abnormal (n=46) | 48 (26.3) | 85 (40.3) | 10.3 (10.02) | 6.95 | <.001 | 1.02 | 18 (39) |
| Healthy (n=53) | 61 (31.0) | 100 (40.0) | 10.7 (8.64) | 8.99 | <.001 | 1.24 | 25 (47) | |
| Commission errors (impulsivity) | ||||||||
|
|
Abnormal (n=46) | 48 (26.3) | 85 (40.3) | 4.0 (7.23) | 3.75 | <.001 | 0.55 | 19 (41) |
| Healthy (n=53) | 61 (31.0) | 100 (40.0) | 2.0 (3.17) | 4.51 | <.001 | 0.62 | 16 (30) | |
| Omission errors (inattention) | ||||||||
|
|
Abnormal (n=46) | 48 (26.3) | 85 (40.3) | 1.5 (3.16) | 3.27 | .003 | 0.48 | 24 (52) |
| Healthy (n=53) | 61 (31.0) | 100 (40.0) | 0.64 (1.88) | 2.48 | .02 | 0.34 | 21 (40) | |
aCPT: continuous performance task.
bASRS: Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale.
cADHD: attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
dADHD-RS-IV: ADHD Rating Scale IV.
eReported in milliseconds for response time average and variability, and in number of errors for commission and omission errors.
fReported as Benjamini-Hochberg–adjusted P values.
gRCI: reliable change index.