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. 2022 Jul 23;13:336. doi: 10.1186/s13287-022-03015-7

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 1 — The characterization of ADSCs and exosomes. A morphology of ADSCs. B detection of surface markers of ADSCs by flow cytometry. C the osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation via oil red o and alizarin red. D appearance of exosomes via transmission electron microscope. E diameter of exosomes via dynamic light scattering. F biomarkers (CD63 and CD81) via western blot. G the expression of mmu_circ_0001052 in ADSCs and exosomes via real-time PCR. All data were obtained from at least three replicate experiments. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01. Medium mean the medium after extracting exosomes. N = 3. Comparison between two groups was processed with independent sample t test. One-way ANOVA was used to analyze the differences among three groups. Afterward, post-pairwise comparison was conducted by Dunnett’s multiple comparison test