Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2022 Jul 22;41:229. doi: 10.1186/s13046-022-02437-8

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

PMC Copyright notice

Fig. 1 — PM2.5 induces a translation efficiency (TE) shift towards up-regulation of glycolysis pathway genes. A Overview of experiments for RNA-seq and Ribo-seq in BEAS-2B cells following PM2.5 exposure. B Volcano map of differentially expressed genes (DEGs)in RNA-seq. Red and blue dots represent the upregulated and downregulated genes, respectively (FDR<0.05; |Log2(fold change)| >1). C Volcano plot of DEGs in Ribo-seq. D Volcano plot showing genes with significant changes in TE. E Genome-wide transcriptional and translational regulations showed very little correlation. F The four-way Venn diagram represented the different subsets of genes that are significantly upregulated or down-regulated at the TE and transcription levels. G KEGG pathway analysis of DEGs in transcriptome (RNA-seq). H Pathway analyses on DEGs in translatome revealed a shift towards glycolysis-related pathways. I Glycolysis/gluconeogenesis pathway was the only significantly enriched pathway in genes with TE changes. J Heatmap of DEGs in TE in the “Glycolysis/gluconeogenesis pathway”. K Fold change of TE for glycolytic genes between PM2.5-exposed cells and control cells. L Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) of Ribo-seq data showing the enrichment of glycolysis/gluconeogenesis pathway (upper) and the gene signature (lower) in PM2.5-exposed cells, with DLAT as the top up-regulated gene. M GSEA of Ribo-seq data revealing the enrichment of pyruvate metabolism pathway (upper) and the gene set in PM2.5-exposed cells, with DLAT ranking as the top gene. NES, normalized enrichment score