Table 5. Binomial logistic regression analysis on KAP subscales (low/medium vs high) and its association with participants sociodemographic characteristics (n = 384).
| Variables | Total | Knowledge | Attitude | Practice | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low/ Medium n(%) |
High n(%) |
Adjusted OR (95% CI)** | p-value | Low/ Medium n(%) |
High n(%) |
Adjusted OR (95% CI)** | p-value | Low/ Medium n(%) |
High n(%) |
Adjusted OR (95% CI)** | p-value | ||
| Age (in years) | |||||||||||||
| Less than 30 | 144 | 100 (69.4) | 44 (30.6) | Ref | 40 (27.8) | 104 (72.2) | Ref | 52 (36.1) | 92 (63.9) | Ref | |||
| 30 to 39 | 133 | 56 (42.1) | 77 (57.9) | 2.25 (1.05–4.85) | 0.04* | 50 (37.6) | 83 (62.4) | 0.99 (0.46–2.13) | 0.98 | 77 (57.9) | 56 (42.1) | 0.70 (0.33–1.52) | 0.37 |
| 40 and above | 107 | 47 (43.9) | 60 (56.1) | 1.38 (0.52–3.67) | 0.52 | 44 (41.1) | 63 (58.9) | 0.39 (0.14–1.08) | 0.07 | 65 (60.7) | 42 (39.3) | 0.50 (0.18–1.40) | 0.19 |
| Gender | |||||||||||||
| Female | 154 | 82 (53.2) | 72 (46.8) | Ref | 58 (37.7) | 96 (62.3) | Ref | 97 (63.0) | 57 (37.0) | Ref | |||
| Male | 230 | 121 (52.6) | 109(47.4) | 1.24 (0.76–2.05) | 0.38 | 76 (33.0) | 154 (67.0) | 1.05 (0.64–1.74) | 0.84 | 97 (42.2) | 133 (57.8) | 1.82 (1.10–2.99) | 0.02* |
| Nationality | |||||||||||||
| Saudi | 273 | 165 (60.4) | 108 (39.6) | Ref | 93 (34.1) | 180 (65.9) | Ref | 110 (40.3) | 163 (59.7) | Ref | |||
| Non-Saudi | 111 | 38 (34.2) | 73 (65.8) | 2.84 (1.63–4.94) | 0.00* | 41 (36.9) | 70 (63.1) | 1.23 (0.71–2.14) | 0.47 | 84 (75.7) | 27 (24.3) | 0.30 (0.17–1.52) | 0.10 |
| Marital status | |||||||||||||
| Single | 167 | 106 (63.5) | 61(36.5) | Ref | 50 (29.9) | 117 (70.1) | Ref | 67 (40.1) | 100 (59.9) | Ref | |||
| Married | 177 | 75 (42.4) | 102 (57.6) | 1.60 (0.95–2.69) | 0.07 | 66 (37.3) | 111 (62.7) | 0.79 (0.46–1.35) | 0.39 | 104 (58.8)73 | (41.2) | 0.60(0.35–1.03) | 0.06 |
| Divorced/Widowed | 40 | 22 (55.0) | 18 (45.0) | 0.87 (0.38–1.99) | 18 (45.0) | 22 (55.0) | 0.58 (0.26–1.32) | 0.19 | 23 (57.5) | 17 | (42.5) | 0.82(0.35–1.90) | 0.64 |
| Education | |||||||||||||
| Diploma | 82 | 57 (69.5) | 25 (30.5) | Ref | 32 (39.0) | 50 (61.0) | Ref | 32 (39.0) | 50 (61.0) | Ref | |||
| Bachelors | 232 | 122 (52.6) | 110 (47.4) | 1.98 (1.06–3.68) | 0.04* | 80 (34.5) | 152 (65.5) | 1.23 (0.66–2.27) | 0.52 | 129 (55.6) | 103 (44.4) | 0.41 (0.22–0.78) | 0.01* |
| Masters and above | 70 | 24 (34.3) | 46 (65.7) | 3.78 (1.59–8.97) | 0.03* | 22 (31.4) | 48 (68.6) | 2.13 (0.89–5.09) | 0.09 | 33 (47.1) | 37 (42.9) | 0.47 (0.20–1.14) | 0.09 |
| HCW category | |||||||||||||
| Physicians | 116 | 57 (49.1) | 59 (50.9) | Ref | 39 (33.6) | 77 (66.4) | Ref | 47 (40.5) | 69 (59.5) | Ref | |||
| Nursing and midwife | 138 | 70 (50.7) | 68 (49.3) | 1.35 (0.73–2.49) | 0.34 | 43 (31.2) | 95 (68.8) | 1.16 (0.62–2.16) | 0.65 | 76 (55.1) | 62 (44.9) | 0.53 (0.28–1.01) | 0.05 |
| Pharmacist | 48 | 24 (50.0) | 24 (50.0) | 1.30 (0.59–2.85) | 0.51 | 17 (35.4) | 31 (64.6) | 1.28 (0.58–2.82) | 0.55 | 29 (60.4) | 19 (39.6) | 0.39 (0.18–0.58) | 0.02* |
| Lab technicians | 31 | 19 (61.3) | 12 (38.7) | 1.12 (0.43–2.88) | 0.82 | 13 (41.9) | 18 (58.1) | 1.09 (0.43–2.76) | 0.86 | 18 (58.1) | 13 (41.9) | 0.31 (0.11–0.53) | 0.02* |
| Other categories | 51 | 33 (64.7) | 18 (35.3) | 0.88 (0.68–2.02) | 0.76 | 22 (43.1) | 29 (56.9) | 0.96 (0.42–2.76) | 0.92 | 24 (47.1) | 27 (52.9) | 0.60 (0.25–1.42) | 0.25 |
| Work settings | |||||||||||||
| PHC | 127 | 70 (55.1) | 57 (44.9) | Ref | 32 (25.2) | 95 (74.8) | Ref | 71 (55.9) | 56 (44.1) | Ref | |||
| General hospital | 142 | 80 (56.3) | 62 (43.7) | 0.98 (0.58–1.67) | 0.94 | 50 (35.2) | 92 (64.8) | 0.61 (0.35–1.07) | 0.08 | 67 (47.2) | 75 (52.8) | 1.63 (0.94–2.83) | 0.08 |
| Tertiary care hospital | 115 | 53 (46.1) | 62 (53.9) | 1.30 (0.74–2.29) | 0.37 | 52 (45.2) | 63 (54.8) | 0.38 (0.12–0.69) | 0.01* | 56 (48.7) | 59 (51.3) | 1.67 (0.92–3.02) | 0.09 |
| Work experience (years) | |||||||||||||
| Less than 5 | 127 | 85 (66.9) | 42(33.1) | Ref | 31 (24.4) | 96 (75.6) | Ref | 44 (34.6) | 83 (65.4) | Ref | |||
| 5 to 10 | 133 | 66 (49.6) | 67 (50.4) | 0.84 (0.39–1.77) | 0.64 | 64 (48.1) | 69 (51.9) | 0.40 (1.91–0.85) | 0.20 | 81 (60.9) | 52 (39.1) | 0.66 (0.32–1.37) | 0.26 |
| More than 10 | 124 | 52 (41.9) | 72 (58.1) | 0.99 (0.39–2.57) | 0.99 | 39 (31.5) | 85 (68.3) | 1.43 (0.52–3.88) | 0.49 | 69 (55.6) | 55 (44.4) | 1.14 (0.43–2.99) | 0.79 |
Notes.
*
Significant association (p < 0.05).
**
Variable adjusted in enter method: age, gender, nationality, marital status, education status, HCWs category, work setting, and work experience.