Table 3.
Observed Baseline, Observed 12-month cognitive scores and skewness, p values and Effect Sizes, and r values for the validation sample of robustly cognitively intact participants.
| Observed Baseline Mean (SD) |
Observed Baseline Skew |
Observed 12-month Mean (SD) |
Observed 12-month Skew |
p value | Effect Size | r 12 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RAVLT | |||||||
| Total Recall | 44.94 (9.8) | 0.23 | 45.41 (10.6) | 0.14 | .44 | −.06 | .68 |
| Delayed Recall | 7.91 (3.8) | −0.08 | 8.35 (4.1) | −0.30 | .08 | −.13 | .61 |
| Logical Memory | |||||||
| Immediate Recall | 14.30 (3.0) | −0.03 | 15.16 (3.2) | −0.25 | <.001 | −.29 | .54 |
| Delayed Recall | 13.51 (3.3) | −0.08 | 13.83 (3.7) | −0.25 | .19 | −.10 | .53 |
| ADAS-Cog | 8.96 (4.2) | 0.46 | 8.26 (4.3) | 0.73 | .005 | .21 | .67 |
| Clock Drawing | 4.68 (0.7) | −2.72 | 4.71 (0.6) | −2.35 | .63 | −.04 | .29 |
| Clock Copy | 4.88 (0.4) | −3.23 | 4.87 (0.4) | −3.14 | .87 | .01 | .27 |
| DS Forward | 8.80 (1.9) | 0.15 | 8.78 (1.8) | 0.13 | .89 | .01 | .70 |
| DS Backward | 7.39 (2.2) | 0.18 | 7.50 (2.2) | 0.20 | .59 | −.05 | .58 |
| Digit Symbol | 46.80 (10.7) | 0.01 | 48.40 (11.3) | 0.09 | .04 | −.21 | .76 |
| Animal Fluency | 20.89 (5.4) | 0.23 | 21.08 (5.1) | 0.53 | .54 | −.05 | .65 |
| Vegetable Fluency | 14.90 (3.8) | 0.87 | 14.63 (3.8) | 0.62 | .44 | .08 | .57 |
| TMT-A | 33.68 (11.3) | 2.15 | 31.90 (9.7) | 0.95 | .02 | .17 | .52 |
| TMT-B | 80.38 (36.3) | 2.02 | 80.10 (41.8) | 3.05 | .91 | .01 | .61 |
| BNT | 28.10 (2.2) | −1.57 | 28.63 (1.9) | −1.61 | <.001 | −.31 | .68 |
| MMSE | 29.18 (1.0) | −1.34 | 29.10 (1.4) | −2.82 | .47 | .05 | .17 |
| MOCA | 25.71 (2.4) | −0.10 | 25.90 (2.6) | −0.12 | .41 | −.09 | .62 |
Note: RAVLT = Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, ADAS-Cog = Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale – Cognition subscale, DS = Digit Span, TMT-A = Trail Making Test Part A, TMT-B = Trail Making Test Part B, BNT = Boston Naming Test, MMSE = Mini-Mental State Examination, MOCA = Montreal Cognitive Assessment. p value = significance of paired-samples t tests examining the difference between Observed Baseline and Observed 12-month performances. Effect Size = Cohen’s d values for paired samples t tests. r12 = bivariate correlation between Observed Baseline and Observed 12-month performances for each measure. All correlations greater than r = .29 were significant at p < .001.