Table 2.

Association between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and cognitive impairment (MMSE < 24).

NAFLD†	No. of people	No. (%) of cognitive impairment (MMSE < 24)	OR (95% CI) for cognitive impairment
			Model 1	Model 2	Model 3	Model 4
Total (N = 4400)
Without NAFLD	2985	422 (14.1)	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
With NAFLD	1415	244 (17.2)	1.35 (1.13–1.62)	1.27 (1.05–1.52)	1.26 (1.05–1.51)	1.26 (1.04–1.52)
In men (N = 1090)
Without NAFLD	543	59 (10.9)	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
With NAFLD	547	73 (13.3)	1.27 (0.88–1.83)	1.36 (0.93–2.00)	1.35 (0.92–1.98)	1.39 (0.94–2.07)
In women (N = 3310)
Without NAFLD	2442	363 (14.9)	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
With NAFLD	868	171 (19.7)	1.38 (1.12–1.68)	1.23 (0.99–1.52)	1.23 (0.99–1.52)	1.21 (0.97–1.51)

Model 1: Sex, age.

Model 2: Model 1 + education, household income, and marital status.

Model 3: Model 2 + current drinker and current smoker.

Model 4: Model 3 + diabetes and hypertension.

^†NAFLD was defined as FLI ≥ 30 (FLI = $100\times \frac{e^{0.953\times lo{g}_e\left(\mathit{triglycerides}\right)+0.139\times \left(\mathit{BMI}\right)+0.718\times lo{g}_e\left(\mathrm{\gamma }-\text{GTP}\right)+0.053\times \left(\text{waist circumference}\right)-15.745}}{1+e^{0.953\times lo{g}_e\left(\mathit{triglycerides}\right)+0.139\times \left(\mathit{BMI}\right)+0.718\times lo{g}_e\left(\mathrm{\gamma }-\text{GTP}\right)+0.053\times \left(\text{waist circumference}\right)-15.745}}$).

NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; FLI, fatty liver index; BMI, body mass index; γ-GTP, gamma-glutamyl transferase.

Significant values are in bold.