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. 2022 Jul 23;12:12603. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-16419-5

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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(a) Experimental result of the current flowing through the PMP with two different bias voltages and reflectance of the leaf as a function of the relative water content (RWC) of the leaf. (b) The tested soybean plant at different RWCs (100%, 68%, and 25%). (c) Measured current through the entire system in response to chopped IR radiation reflected off the leaf at RWC = 68%. The PMP latches ON after each detection and the reset function returns the switch to an OFF state until triggered ON again by above-threshold IR. (d) The water pump turns ON when the PMP closes as a response to IR radiation reflected off the leaf at RWC = 68%. After the reset, the water pump remains OFF until triggered ON again by an above-threshold IR radiation.