Table 4.
General characteristics of ongoing clinical trials on oral SARS-CoV-2 antiviral treatment
| Trial code | Phase | Location | Current drug name | Treatment comparator | Mechanism of action | Primary outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
NCT 04,694,612 |
3 | Nepal | Oral favipiravir |
-Placebo -Injectable remdesivir |
Inhibition of viral RdRPs [199] | Clinical improvement in mild (within a time frame of 5 days) and moderate (within a time frame of 10 days) cases |
|
NCT 04,918,927 |
2 | Mexico | Oral favipiravir + oral nitazoxanide | Favipiravir + nitazoxanide placebo | Inhibition of viral RdRPs [199] | The difference in the viral load in the upper respiratory tract after 5 days of treatment |
|
NCT 04,494,399 |
2 | China | Oral ribavirine + injectable interferon β-1b | Standard of care |
- Inhibition of IMPDH - Inhibition of mRNA capping - Inhibition of viral RdRPs [199] - Downregulation of interferon-stimulated genes - Enhancement of viral mutagenesis [200] |
· Clinical symptoms alleviation within a time frame of 7 days |
|
NCT 04,402,203 |
2b | Bangladesh | Oral favipiravir | standard of care | · Inhibition of viral RdRPs [199] | · Negative RT-PCR for the virus within a time frame of 4–10 days after initiation of treatment |
|
NCT 04,466,241 |
2b | Côte d’Ivoire |
-Oral lopinavir/ritonavir + telmisartan -Oral lopinavir/ritonavir + atorvastatine |
lopinavir/ritonavir | Inhibition of viral proteases [201] | Negative RT-PCR for the virus in naspharyngeal swabs and CRP < 27 mg/L at day 11 |
|
NCT 04,310,228 |
2 | China | Oral favipiravir + tocilizumab |
-favipiravir -tocilizumab |
·Inhibition of viral RdRPs [199] | · Clinical cure (viral load of the respiratory specimen negative for two consecutive times, lung image improved, body temperature returned to normal for more than 3 days, clinical manifestations improved) within a time frame of 3 months |
|
NCT 05,014,373 |
3 | Philippines | Oral favipiravir + best supportive care | oral favipiravir + standard care | · Inhibition of viral RdRPs [199] | · Clinical improvement (axillary temperature ≤ 37.4°c, oxygen saturation measured by pulse oxymeter of > 96% without oxygen inhalation, chest imaging with changes showing improvement) within a time frame of 4 to 28 days |
|
NCT 04,396,106 |
2 | USA | AT-527 | placebo |
- Actions through its active metabolite AT-9010 - Inhibition of viral RdRPs [199] - Competitive inhibition of the natural nucleoside triphosphate for incorporation into the viral RNA - Potential inhibition of NMPylation [202] |
· Proportions of subjects with progressive respiratory insufficiency (defined as a ≥ 2-tier increase in respiratory support methods required to maintain satisfactory oxygenation (SpO2 ≥ 93%), using the 6-tier hierarchical scale of respiratory support methods) at day 14 |
|
NCT 05,047,783 |
2 | France, Russia, South Africa | Masitinib | placebo | Mpro inhibitor | SARS-Cov-2 load at day 10 in patients with symptomatic mild-to-moderate COVID-19 |
|
NCT 04,600,999 |
3 | Hungary | Favipiravir | supportive care | Inhibition of viral RdRPs [199] | · Time to improvement in body temperature, in SPO2, in chest imaging, in negative SARS-COV2 (time frame of 9 months) |
|
NCT 04,890,626 |
3 | Spain | Oral emtricitabine + oral tenofovir disoproxil fumarate |
-dexamethasone + baricitinib -no treatment |
Nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors [203] | Mortality within a time frame of 28 days |
|
NCT 05,341,609 |
3 | China | JT001 (VV116; remdesivir derivate) | nirmatrelvir/ritonavir | Inhibitor of RdRPs [204] | Time to sustained clinical recovery up to 28 days |
|
NCT 04,315,948 |
3 | France | -Remdesivir -lopinavir/ritonavir-interferon beta-1a-hydroxychloroquine-standard of care -AZD7442 | placebo | Inhibition of viral proteases (lopinavir/ritonavir) [201] | Percentage of subjects reporting each severity rating on a 7-point ordinal scale within a time frame of 15 days (a. Not hospitalized, no limitations on activities; b. Not hospitalized, limitation on activities; c. Hospitalized, not requiring supplemental oxygen; d. Hospitalized, requiring supplemental oxygen; e. Hospitalized, on non-invasive ventilation or high flow oxygen devices; f. Hospitalized, on invasive mechanical ventilation or ECMO; Death) |
|
NCT 05,305,547 |
3 | USA | S-217622 | placebo | Mpro inhibitor | Hospitalization from any cause or death from any cause |
RdRPs RNA-dependent RNA polymerases, IMPDH inosine monophates dehydrogenase, RT-PCR reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, CRP C-reactive protein, NMP nucleoside monophosphates, ECMO extracorporeal membrane oxygenation