Table 2.
Univariate and multivariate logistic regression of the association between AGEs and macroangiopathy
| Variables | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | p value | OR (95% CI) | p value | |
| Coronaropathy (n = 13) | ||||
| SAF (AU) | 3.40 (1.56, 7.43) | 0.002 | 3.11 (1.32, 7.33) | 0.009 |
| CML (100 µmol/mol lysine)a | 1.36 (0.74, 2.50) | 0.31 | 1.22 (0.63, 2.34) | 0.55 |
| Pentosidine (µmol/mol lysine) | 1.61 (1.15, 2.26) | 0.005 | 1.61 (1.12, 2.33) | 0.01 |
| MGH1 (µmol/mol lysine) | 1.06 (0.49, 2.27) | 0.88 | 1.05 (0.46, 2.45) | 0.89 |
| Arteriopathy of lower limbs (n = 32) | ||||
| SAF (AU) | 2.13 (1.11, 4.08) | 0.02 | 1.84 (0.93, 3.64) | 0.08 |
| CML (100 µmol/mol lysine)a | 1.46 (0.89, 2.38) | 0.12 | 1.37 (0.83, 2.27) | 0.22 |
| Pentosidine (µmol/mol lysine) | 1.20 (0.89, 1.62) | 0.22 | 1.15 (0.84, 1.57) | 0.37 |
| MGH1 (mmol/mol lysine) | 0.70 (0.298, 1.655) | 0.419 | 0.77 (0.18, 3.27) | 0.77 |
| History of stroke (n = 10) | ||||
| SAF (AU) | 2.07 (0.87, 4,95) | 0.09 | 2.24 (0.95, 5,30) | 0.06 |
| CML (100 µmol/mol lysine)a | 1.56 (0.81, 2.97) | 0.17 | 1.62 (0.83, 3.14) | 0.15 |
| Pentosidine (µmol/mol lysine) | 1.31 (0.89, 1.94) | 0.16 | 1.32 (0.89, 1.95) | 0.17 |
| MGH1 (mmol/mol lysine) | 1.18 (0.46, 3.03) | 0.732 | 2.03 (0.97, 4.28) | 0.06 |
| Composite criteria of macroangiopathy (n = 51) | ||||
| SAF (AU) | 3.07 (1.61, 5.83) | 0.001 | 2.78 (1.42, 5.41) | 0.003 |
| CML (100 µmol/mol lysine)a | 1.59 (1.00, 2.52) | 0.05 | 1.49 (0.92, 2.43) | 0.10 |
| Pentosidine (µmol/mol lysine) | 1.53 (1.16, 2.02) | 0.002 | 1.52 (1.13, 2.04) | 0.005 |
| MGH1 (mmol/mol lysine) | 1.56 (0.91, 2.68) | 0.11 | 1.59 (0.90, 2.81) | 0.10 |
In multivariate analysis, AGEs were adjusted to potential confounders (i.e., age, sex, duration of diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, BMI, smoking status, and glomerular filtration rate by CKD-EPI)
SAF skin autofluorescence, CML carboxymethyllysine, MGH1 methylglyoxal-hydroimidazolone-1, AU arbitrary units
aIn the regression models, CML was divided by 100 to obtain a clinically meaningful OR. Therefore, the reported odds ratio corresponds to the increase or decrease of 100 µmol/mol lysine), as appropriate