Table 2.

Model averaged parameter estimates (Est.), standard errors (SE), and relative variable importance (RVI) of (1) deadwood and forest characteristics, (2) microclimatic variables, and (3) combination of deadwood and forest characteristics, and microclimatic variables, explaining (a) current and (b) long-term occurrence, and (c) current and (d) long-term abundance, based on models with ΔAICc < 7

Variables		Est		SE	RVI	Est	SE	RVI	Est	SE	RVI	Est	SE	RVI
1. Deadwood and forest characteristics		(a) Current occurrence				(b) Long-term occurrence			(c) Current abundance			(d) Long-term abundance
Diameter		0.279	0.085		0.99	0.254	0.084	1.00	0.048	0.039	0.70	0.045	0.014	1.00
Length		< 0.001	< 0.001		< 0.01				< 0.001	< 0.001	0.56
Ground contact		< 0.001	0.004		0.17	0.001	0.005	0.19	− 0.001	0.002	0.19
Bark cover		0.005	0.013		0.24	0.001	0.009	0.19	− 0.001	0.006	0.15
Vegetation cover		0.002	0.009		0.18	− 0.001	0.010	0.18	< 0.001	0.003	0.14	− 0.006	0.005	0.62
Softness		− 0.079	0.134		0.39	0.003	0.062	0.18	0.072	0.065	0.68	0.120	0.022	1.00
Canopy openness		0.002	0.011		0.02				0.001	0.004	0.15	0.028	0.004	1.00
Basal area		− 0.173	0.061		0.98	− 0.228	0.064	0.99	0.002	0.012	0.14
Vegetation type		− 0.217	0.564		0.26	− 0.597	0.894	0.45	0.115	0.223	0.32	− 0.149	0.207	0.38
Stand type 2						− 0.002	0.097	< 0.01	− 0.004	0.081	0.10
Stand type 3						0.008	0.226		− 0.208	0.709
Stand type 4						− 0.028	0.346		− 0.055	0.232
2. Microclimatic variables		(a) Current occurrance				(b) Long-term occurrance			(c) Current abundance			(d) Long-term abundance
Average temperature
(A) Autumn		− 0.428		0.899	0.27	0.067	0.391	0.04	− 0.053	0.181	0.14	0.003	0.028	0.03
(B) Winter		− 0.085		0.411	0.05	− 2.616	1.967	0.71	− 0.046	0.175	0.16	− 0.664	0.186	0.95
(c) Spring		0.065		0.192	0.15	0.627	0.619	0.62	− 0.007	0.034	0.10	0.047	0.058	0.46
(d) Summer		0.164		0.326	0.26	0.240	0.471	0.26	− 0.029	0.076	0.17	0.013	0.037	0.14
Temperature fluctuations
(a) Autumn		− 0.030		0.335	0.16	− 0.013	0.399	0.18	− 0.037	0.116	0.15	0.005	0.026	0.05
(b) Winter		− 2.318		1.013	0.94	− 0.687	1.181	0.29	− 0.088	0.206	0.26	− 0.016	0.078	0.07
(c) Spring		0.018		0.079	0.09	0.002	0.031	0.01	− 0.004	0.021	0.08	0.001	0.005	0.03
(d) Summer		0.010		0.052	0.08	− 0.029	0.097	0.16	− 0.003	0.018	0.08	0.001	0.007	0.05
Temperature extremes
(a) Winter		− 0.075		0.349	0.13	− 0.551	1.255	0.20	− 0.016	0.182	0.12	− 0.032	0.145	0.05
(b) Summer		0.062		0.146	0.20	0.004	0.045	0.02	− 0.016	0.041	0.18	0.003	0.011	0.07
Moisture
(a) Autumn		− 0.002		0.016	0.12	0.003	0.027	0.13	− 0.001	0.005	0.09	− 0.026	0.006	1.00
(b) Winter		0.006		0.013	0.30	− 0.007	0.015	0.30	0.003	0.007	0.28	0.015	0.004	1.00
(c) Spring		< 0.001		0.004	0.10	− 0.001	0.006	0.12	0.003	0.006	0.25
(d) Summer		− 0.007		0.015	0.31	0.002	0.010	0.15	0.002	0.005	0.26
3. All variables combined		(a) Current occurrence				(b) Long-term occurrence			(c) Current abundance			(d) Long-term abundance
Diameter		0.274		0.093	1.00	0.281	0.118	1.00	0.040	0.067	0.33	0.109	0.028	0.97
Length									0.001	< 0.001	0.72
Ground contact		< 0.001		0.003	0.06	0.001	0.005	0.07	< 0.001	0.001	0.03
Bark cover		0.001		0.006	0.09	< 0.001	0.004	0.05	< 0.001	0.001	0.01
Vegetation cover		0.001		0.007	0.09	0.005	0.020	0.10	− 0.003	0.008	0.12
Softness		− 0.038		0.104	0.18	− 0.011	0.072	0.06	0.161	0.096	0.81	0.010	0.028	0.13
Canopy openness		0.002		0.011	0.04	0.002	0.013	0.02	< 0.001	0.001	0.02	0.015	0.010	0.75
Basal area		− 0.025		0.055	0.21	− 0.051	0.089	0.27	0.023	0.049	0.22	0.006	0.018	0.12
Vegetation type		− 0.156		0.544	0.13	− 0.893	1.582	0.32	0.033	0.149	0.07
Stand type 2						0.003	0.896	0.21
Stand type 3						− 2.965	1108
Stand type 4						− 0.958	2.053
Average temperature
(a) Autumn		− 0.074		0.466	0.09	0.099	0.715	0.07	0.005	0.096	0.021	1.204	0.435	0.92
(b) Winter		− 0.757		1.095	0.39	− 0.911	1.563	0.30	− 0.265	0.516	0.27	− 0.065	0.229	0.08
(c) Spring		0.011		0.086	0.05	0.068	0.282	0.10	− 0.002	0.019	0.03
(d) Summer		0.203		0.415	0.24	0.251	0.639	0.17	− 0.002	0.023	0.03
Temperature fluctuations
(a) Autumn		0.038		0.254	0.06	0.205	0.742	0.12	< 0.001	0.022	0.02
(b) Winter		− 0.450		0.857	0.28	− 0.230	0.816	0.12	− 0.013	0.085	0.04
(c) Spring		0.006		0.048	0.04	0.012	0.076	0.06	0.002	0.014	0.03
(d) Summer		0.032		0.112	0.11	0.019	0.088	0.07	0.001	0.008	0.02
Temperature extremes
(a) Winter		− 0.089		0.436	0.06	− 0.738	1.761	0.17	− 0.436	0.845	0.27	− 1.777	0.577	0.92
(b) Summer		0.112		0.218	0.27	0.026	0.112	0.08	< 0.001	0.006	0.01	0.006	0.028	0.05
Moisture
(a) Autumn		< 0.001		0.012	0.07	0.001	0.017	0.05	< 0.001	0.002	< 0.01	− 0.001	0.005	0.03
(B) Winter		< 0.001		0.005	0.07	− 0.013	0.025	0.28	0.001	0.005	0.11	0.001	0.003	0.03
(C) Spring		− 0.001		0.006	0.07	− 0.002	0.008	0.08	0.004	0.008	0.24
(d) Summer		− 0.002		0.008	0.11	< 0.001	0.004	0.04	0.007	0.008	0.47

For stand and vegetation types, the first categories are taken as references. Variable importance > 0.5 is highlighted in bold font