Table 5.
Evidence for functional outcomes
| Author | Year | Findings |
|---|---|---|
| Kayani et al. [19] | 2018 | Shorter time to straight leg raise |
| mTKA 31.0 (IQR 24.0–44.0) vs RATKA 20.0 (IQR 18.0–21.0), p < 0.001 | ||
| Improved maximum knee flexion at discharge | ||
| mTKA 93.3 (90.0–110.0) vs RATKA 104.1 (90.0–120.0), p < 0.001 | ||
| Mean pain score – Day 3, mean (range) | ||
| mTKA 4.5 (2.0–7.0) vs RATKA 2.6 (1.0–5.0) | ||
| Khlopas et al. [23] | 2020 | KSS scores (Improvements in functional activity walking and standing), 4 to 6 weeks postoperatively, mean |
| mTKA 1.2 vs RATKA 1.4 (p = 0.019) | ||
| KSS (functional activity score), 3 months, mean (estimated SD) | ||
| mTKA 67.2 (± 21) vs RATKA 65.5 (± 20.3), p = 0.613 | ||
| KSS Pain scores improvements, 3 months, mean | ||
| Walking | ||
| mTKA 4.1 vs RATKA 4.3, p = 0.06 | ||
| Total symptoms | ||
| mTKA 10.3 vs RATKA 10.5, p = 0.781 | ||
| KSS Patient Satisfaction Scores Mean (estimated SD) | ||
| 4–6 weeks: | ||
| mTKA 25.9 (± 8) vs RATKA 25.2 (± 10), p = 0.268 | ||
| 3 months: | ||
| mTKA 29.1 (± 8.5) vs RATKA 29.4 (± 10), p = 0.268 | ||
| Mahoney et al. [28] | 2020 | [For all PROMs, longitudinal trends mTKA and RATKA similar at 1 year except VR12 physical scores] |
| KSS Adjusted mean (95% C.I.) | ||
| symptoms | ||
| mTKA 20.3 [18.4, 22.2] vs RATKA 20.8 [18.9, 22.7] p = 0.531 | ||
| Satisfaction | ||
| mTKA 35.2 [32.0, 38.4] vs RATKA 35.9 [32.6, 39.2] p = 0.532 | ||
| Expectations | ||
| mTKA 10.6 [9.2, 12.0] vs RATKA 11.2 [9.7, 12.7] p = 0.192 | ||
| Function | ||
| mTKA 81.1 [75.5, 86.8] vs RATKA 84.6 [78.8, 90.4] p = 0.159 | ||
| Veterans RAND 12-item health scale Adjusted mean (95% C.I.) | ||
| physical component | ||
| mTKA 50.5 [47.5, 53.5] vs RATKA 52.9 [49.9, 55.9] p = 0.034 | ||
| Mental component | ||
| mTKA 56.0 [53.7, 58.3] vs RATKA 54.6 [52.2, 57.0] p = 0.213 | ||
| Marchand et al. [30] | 2017 | WOMAC (physical function), 6-month postoperative, mean (SD) |
| mTKA 9 (± 5) vs RATKA (4 ± 5), p = 0.055 | ||
| WOMAC (pain), 6-month postoperative, mean (SD) | ||
| mTKA 5 (± 3) vs RATKA 3 (± 3) p < 0.05 | ||
| Converted WOMAC scores | ||
| mTKA 32(20) vs RATKA 52(20) | ||
| mTKA 10(6) vs RATKA 14(6) | ||
| Total: mTKA 42 vs RATKA 76 | ||
| Marchand et al. [31] | 2019 | WOMAC (Physical Function), mean (SD) |
| mTKA 6 (± 5) points vs RATKA 4 (± 4) points, p < 0.05 | ||
| WOMAC (Pain scores), mean (SD) | ||
| mTKA 3 (± 4) points, vs RATKA 2 (± 3) points, p = 0.06 | ||
| Converted WOMAC scores | ||
| PF: mTKA 44 (20) vs RATKA 52(16) | ||
| PS: mTKA 14(8) vs RATKA 16(6) | ||
| Total: mTKA 58 vs RATKA 78 | ||
| Naziri et al. [36] | 2019 | Range of motion improvement at 90 days |
| mTKA -8.7 deg vs RATKA + 3.8 deg, p < 0.05 | ||
| KSS at 30, 60, 90 days, mean | ||
| mTKA 90.9 vs RATKA 86.0, p = 0.082 | ||
| mTKA 91.7 vs RATKA 91.9 p = 0.938 | ||
| mTKA 89.5 vs RATKA 88.2 p = 0.730 | ||
| LEAS at 30, 60, 90 days | ||
| mTKA 11.50 vs RATKA 11.63, p = 0.736 | ||
| mTKA 11.65 vs RATKA 12.06, p = 0.271 | ||
| mTKA 11.94 vs RATKA 12.18, p = 0.519 | ||
| [No report on the spread of data hence not included in the meta-analysis] | ||
| Smith et al. [49] | 2019 | Range of motion |
| mTKA 1 to 116 degrees vs RATKA 0 to 119 degrees (p = 0.88 and p = 0.02 for extension and flexion) | ||
| KSS function score (6-week and 1-year average score) | ||
| mTKA 58 and 73 vs RATKA 63 and 80, p = 0.02 and p = 0.005) | ||
| 1-year KSS knee score | ||
| mTKA 82 vs RATKA 85, p = 0.046 | ||
| Overall patient reported satisfaction reported with a Likert scoring system | ||
| mTKA 82% vs RATKA 94% (p = 0.036) | ||
| KSS Patient satisfaction scores mean | ||
| mTKA 6.6 vs RATKA 7.1, (p = 0.027) | ||
| [No report on the spread of data hence not included in the meta-analysis] |
WOMAC: Western-Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index, KSS: Knee society score, LEAS: Lower extremity activity scale, mTKA: manual total knee arthroplasty, RATKA: Robotic-arm assisted total knee arthroplasty